208 CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE 



in accordance with their ability to learn. Thus delay in 

 the progress of high grade men was avoided and the low 

 grade soldiers were given special instruction in accord- 

 ance with their needs and capacity. 



The marked differences in the mental strength of groups 

 in different officers' training schools are shown by Fig. 

 10. For the eighteen schools of this figure, the propor- 

 tion of A grades varies from 16.6 per cent, to 62.4; the 

 proportion of A and B grades combined, from 48.9 per 

 cent, to 93.6 per cent. ; and the proportion of grades below 

 C -|- from o to 17.9 per cent. Since it is unusual for a 

 man with an intelligence rating below C -f- to make a sat- 

 isfactory record in an officers' training school, it is clear 

 that the pedagogic treatment of these several student 

 groups should differ more or less radically and that elimi- 

 nation must vary through a wide range if the several 

 schools are to graduate equally satisfactory groups of 

 officers. 



Far more important than the contrast in student officers 

 training groups noted above are the differences in the in- 

 telligence status of officers in different arms of the service 

 as revealed by psychological examining. Figure II ex- 

 hibits the data obtained for several groups. The varia- 

 tions are extreme and seemingly unrelated to the 

 requirements of the service. Medical officers, for ex- 

 ample, show a relatively large percentage of men rating 

 C -f- or below, whereas engineering officers head the list 

 with relatively few men whose intelligence is rated below 

 B. There is no obvious reason for assuming that the 

 military duties of the engineer demand higher intelligence 

 or more mental alertness than do those of the medical 

 officer. Since it is improbable that any arm of the ser- 

 vice possesses more intelligence than can be used to ad- 

 vantage, the necessary inference is that certain arms 

 would benefit by the elimination of low grade men and the 

 substitution of officers with better intellectual ability. 



Relation of Intelligence to Occupation. The occupa- 



