456 SYNOPTIC COLLECTION. 



is a generalized feature and was probably possessed by 

 the stem form of the Lepidoptera. 



The mouth parts of Eriocephala are unique among 

 Lepidoptera. The first pair of maxillae have an inner 

 lobe, the galea (PI. 1155, fig. 2, g) and an outer lobe, 

 lacinia (fig. 2, /), besides the palpi (fig. 2, mxp) . These 

 lobes are homologous with the same parts in the mandibu- 

 late insects. Eriocephala is the only Lepidopteran known 

 that possesses the lacinia, as it is usually the two galeae 

 which unite to form the sucking tube. 1 According to 

 Chapman 2 these moths use the great claw-like maxillary 

 palpi with sharp knife-points to scrape and tear at both 

 the pollen of the stamens and the surface of the petals, 

 in the latter case perhaps collecting fallen pollen. 



The second pair of maxillae are also provided with two 

 lobes and a palpus. Besides the maxillae there is a pair 

 of toothed mandibles (fig. i) which are used as in the 

 biting insects. 



Hepialus argenteomaculatus is another moth belonging 

 to the Jugatae. The caterpillar is naked and has the 

 three pairs of thoracic legs and five pairs of prop-legs. 

 It pupates in the earth like many beetles. The hind 

 wings of the adult (No. 1156) are much longer than in 

 most Lepidoptera, but the venation of the wings is simple 

 (see PI. 1157, figs. A, B, H. gracilis). As in Eriocephala 

 the fore and hind wings are fastened by the jugum (fig. 

 A,/)- 



The remaining moths and butterflies belong to the 

 Frenatae, since instead of a jugum for fastening the wings 

 together, many Frenatae have a frenulum which is a 

 strong spine in the male and a bunch of bristles in the 

 female borne on the front edge of the base of the hind 

 wing (PL 1158, fig. B,/). In the male the frenulum fits 

 into a hook on the lower surface of the fore wing (fig. A) 

 but the female seldom has this hook. 



1 Packard, Amer. Nat., XXIX, 1895, p. 637. 



2 Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1894, p. 338. 



