COMMON CRAYFISH. 177 



Bronn's Klass. und Ordn. des Thierreichs, v. i, pt. 2 in progress. Histoire Naturelle 

 des Crustace's, M. Milne-Edwards, 3vols., Paris, 1834-40. British Stalk-eyed Crustacea, 

 Bell, London, 1856. British Sessile-eyed Crustacea, Spence Bate and Westwood, 2 

 vols., London, 1863-68. 



The Crayfish, Huxley, International series, xxviii. 1880. Classification and 

 Distribution of Crayfish. Id. P. Z. S. 1878. Revision of Astacidae. Faxon, Mem. 

 Harvard Mus. x. No. 4, 1885. Figures, Atlas of Practical Elementary Biology, 

 Howes, 1885. 



Limbs, &c., and Phylogeny. Glaus, Arb. Zool. Inst. Wien. vi. 1885 ; Boas, 

 M. J. viii. 1883. Homologies of Limbs. Ray Lankester on Apus, Q. J. M. xxi. 

 1881 ; Packard, Amer. Naturalist, xvi. 1882. 



Tegumentary Skeleton. Milne-Edwards, A. Sc. N. (3), xvi. 1851. 



Integument. Vitzou, A. Z. Expt. x. 1882 ; Braun, Arb. Zool. Zoot. Inst. 

 Wurzburg, ii. 1875. Moult of Astacus. Chantran, C. R. Ixxi. 1870; Vitzou, op. cit. 

 supra. Change of Tendon of Adductor mandibulae. Baur, Muller's Archiv (Archiv f. 

 Anat. und Phys.), 1860. 



Self- Amputation of limbs. Dewitz, Biol. Centralbl. iv. 1884-5; in Crab, Fredericq, 

 Arch, de Biologic, iii. 1882 ; Id. A. Z. Expt. (2) i. 1883. Regeneration of limbs in 

 Astacus. Chantran, C. R. Ixxiii. 1871. 



Glands of branchial cavity and cement glands. Braun, op. cit. supra. Cf. 

 Nebeski on Amphipoda, Arb. Zool. Inst. Wien, iii. 1881. 



Organs of Special Sense. Eye. Grenacher, Sehorgane der Arthropoden, Got- 

 tingen, 1879 ; Carriere, Sehorgane der Thiere, Miinchen und Leipzig, 1885. Cope- 

 podan (azygos) eye. Hartog, A. N. H. (5), x. 1882. Functions of facetted eye. Exner, 

 Biol. Centralbl. i. 1881-2; Notthaft, Senckenberg, Abhandl. xii. 1881. Regeneration 

 of Eyes in Astacus. Chantran, C. R. Ixxvi. 1873. Ear. Hensen, Z. W. Z. xiii. 

 1863. Olfactory hairs. Jourdain, Journal de PAnatomie, xvii. 1881 ; Leydig, 

 Muller's Archiv (Archiv f. Anat. u. Phys.), 1860. 



Development of Astacus. Rathke, Ueber die Bildung, &c., des Flusskrebses, 

 Leipzig, .1829 ; Lereboullet, Mem. de PInstitut (Savans Strangers), xvii. 1862; 

 Bobretzky, cf. Hofmann und Schwalbe's Jahresbericht, ii. 1873; Reichenbach, 

 Z. W. Z. xxix. 1877, and Q. J. M. xviii. 1878 ; Schimkewitsch, Z. A. viii. 1885. 



On various larval forms, see Balfour, Comp. Embryology, i. 1880, p. 380, &c., 

 and lit. cited. For Penaeus, add Brooks, A. N. H. (5), xi. 1883, and Faxon, Amer. 

 Naturalist, xvii. 1883 ; see also Conn, on Significance of larval skin in Decapoda, 

 Studies from Biological Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, iii. 1884. 



33. COMMON CRAYFISH (Astacus ftuviatilis), MALE, 



Dissected so as to show the nervous, circulatory and digestive systems in situ, and in the relations 

 they hold to each other and to the external body walls. 



THE animal has been bisected longitudinally and the left half of the 

 body removed together with its appendages, their muscles, the left lobes of 

 the liver, and green gland. The series of nerve ganglia and connecting 



N 



