APPARATUS AND MATERIAL 



THE apparatus necessary for a course in invertebrate zoology 

 need not be extensive. Each student should be provided with the 

 following instruments : two scalpels, a small one and one of 

 medium size ; two pairs of scissors, a large straight pair and a 

 small pair preferably with curved tips ; two pairs of forceps, 

 a small pair and one of medium size, both straight and with 

 corrugated tips ; one or two dissecting needles, a probe, a blow- 

 pipe, a hand lens. 



Each student should have a shallow dissecting pan, in the bottom 

 of which is a layer of black wax ; the depth of the pan should be 

 about an inch and a half. If the lobster be dissected, however, 

 a deeper pan will also be needed. The student should also be 

 provided with a number of pins of several sizes, which may be 

 conveniently kept, while not in use, stuck in a large cork. 



It is intended that most of the drawings of dissections should 

 be outlines, usually more or less diagrammatic, made with a hard 

 drawing pencil in a large blank book, the paper of which is good 

 and firm, or upon sheets of drawing paper. The general use of 

 colors by a class is not recommended, not because the use of them 

 is not often helpful, but because in a class of young students it is 

 difficult to prevent their abuse by many. The careless or slothful 

 student will often be tempted to substitute the use of colors for 

 careful drawing. Outline drawings of a dissection on a sufficiently 

 large scale, and carefully made and labeled, will invariably be 

 perfectly clear. 



For the study of many of the animals or parts of them in this 

 course, a compound microscope will be needed ; a dissecting micro- 

 scope will also be most useful throughout the course, although not 

 indispensable. The student should be provided with a number of 

 glass slides and thick cover-glasses. Water may be used as a 



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