49 METHODS OF STl'DY. 



angle to which the mirror is tilted. The drawing paper should be 

 raised at an angle with the table twice as great as the mir- 

 ror is depressed, below 45. The drawing board should be 

 made with a hinged part that will support the paper and yet 

 allow it to be raised to any desired angle. The magnification 

 of the drawing should be determined and indicated underneath it ; 

 (x300) indicates that the drawing is magnified three hundred 

 diameters. Free-hand drawings should be made with special 

 reference to exact proportion, in order that every part may have 

 the same magnification. Pencil drawings should be made on good 

 drawing paper and with shai'p-pointed drawing pencils, which had 

 better be of two degrees of hardness, o^e being quite hard and the 

 other medium soft. The former can be used for detail work and 

 the latter for general outline. The objection to pencil drawings is 

 that they blur by rubbing and are not as clear as those 

 made with ink. It is better to outline ink drawings at first with a 

 pencil and then retrace and fill in the detail with the pen. The 

 different parts of the drawing should be named at the side and the 

 name connected to them with a dotted line. With a little care, this 

 can be done without trouble, and the drawing book will look neat 

 and be easily interpreted. Where any part of an object is to be 

 repeated several times in the same drawing, it is only necessary to 

 outline the parts and indicate the repetition. Also where there is 

 to be shown a large mass of cells of uniform nature, the whole 

 should be outlined and a few cells drawn to indicate their general 

 character. 



Next in importance to the drawing is the description, and 

 this must not be neglected. It should always include a careful 

 outline of the nature and intent of the study, together with a full 

 explanation* of every part of the drawing with the relations of each 

 part to the whole object. It is always best to adopt some uniform 

 way of making drawings and keeping notes. The system outlined 

 below will be found very useful and convenient for examination. 



