CHAPTER XI. MODE OF LIFE OF THE BACTERIA. 489 



way into the membrane of the intestinal canal if supplied to a healthy caterpillar with 

 its food, appearing there first singly and then multiplying rapidly and spreading 

 through other organs. Its development and even its mode of multiplication, which is 

 said to be by bipartition, is not yet clearly ascertained, and we can only affirm with 

 Pasteur that it is a highly dangerous parasite, and expect more distinct conclusions 

 from further investigations 1 . 



The above case must not be confounded with the forms of disease included under 

 the name of flacherie. These are due, according to Pasteur 2 , to the disturbances 

 in the digestive process caused by decomposition or fermentation of the food in the 

 intestinal canal, through the presence of an endosporous rod-shaped Bacterium and a 

 chain-forming Micrococcus, the M. Bombycis of Cohn 8 . Doubtless this is a case 

 of facultative parasitism, though further investigation is desirable. 



LITERATURE OF THE BACTERIA. 



The literature of the Bacteria has increased to an enormous size in the last ten or 

 fifteen years. I have taken some pains to make myself acquainted with it, but I cannot 

 affirm that my efforts have been entirely successful. It is at present quite impossible, 

 especially in the medical part of the subject, for scientific criticism to keep pace with the 

 eager study of the Bacteria, while on the other hand it is not the object of this work to 

 supply a mere index. 



For these reasons I have avoided first of all touching further on the medical side of 

 the question than was required to complete the account of the morphology and biology 

 of the Bacteria ; and in the second place I abstain from attempting a complete enumera- 

 tion of the literature of these organisms. Copious notices of it are to be found in the 

 following works : 



A. MAGNIN, Les BacteVies, Paris, 1878. 



W. Zopf. Die Spaltpilze, 2nd ed., Breslau, 1884, in Schenk's Encyclopadie. 



G. MARPMANN, Die Spaltpilze, Halle, 1884. 



DUCLAUX, Chimie biologique (Vol. IX of the Encyclop. Chim. of Fre'my, 



Paris, 1883). 



The lists of works in the last three books are far from being complete, but by 

 consulting them and the works which will be cited presently every student will find his 

 way to whatever part of the subject is of immediate interest to him. The reader there- 

 fore is referred to these publications as the most important, and after them to the medical 

 Journals, Annual Reports and recent Text-books, and finally to Just's Botanischer 

 Jahresbericht ; and in the subjoined list I confine myself to noticing the chief sources 

 of information, which with my own researches have served as the foundation for the 

 account of the morphology and biology of the Bacteria given in the text. A few 

 works already quoted in the notes to the text and referring to special points are not 

 mentioned again below. 



i. General literature of the Bacteria. 



L. PASTEUR, Examen de la doctrine des gdn. spontane'es (Ann. Chim. sdr. 3, 64, and 

 Ann. d. sc. nat., Zoologie, se'r. 4, XVI, extracted in Flora, 1862, p. 355) ; Id., Etudes 

 sur le vin, Paris, 1866; Id., Maladies des vers a soie, Paris, 1870; Id., Etudes 

 sur la biere, Paris, 1876. 



1 Pasteur, Etudes sur la maladie des vers a soie, Paris (1870), I, p. 207. The earlier literature 

 of the subject will be found there. See also Frey u. Lebert in Vierteljahrsschrift natnrf. Ges. Zurich, 

 1856. De Quatrefages, Mem. de 1'Acad. des Sciences, XXX, 1860. Leydig in Du Bois-Reymond's 

 u. Reichert's Arch., 1863, p. 186. Hoffmann, Mycol. Ber. (Bot. Ztg. 1864, p. 30). 



2 Etudes sur la maladie des vers a soie. 



3 Beitr. z. Biol. I, 3, p. 165. 



