CHAPTER II. DIFFERENTIATION OF THE THALLUS. SCLEROTIA. 41 



forth a number of erect sporophores in the spring, and forms a new sclerotium destined 

 to produce sporophores in the succeeding year. The exhausted sclerotium of the previous 

 year is usually still in existence when the new one is formed, so that the underground 

 portion of the Fungus consists of three small tubers of unequal size. 



Historical remarks. Although it has long been known that the sporophores of 

 certain Fungi, species of Typhula and Agaricus and some others, are developed 

 from small tuber-like bodies, our more exact knowledge of the nature of the sclerotia 

 is derived from an excellent publication of Leveille' which only appeared in 1843, 

 and even this work attracted little notice till Tulasne again called attention to the 

 subject and threw new light upon it by his work on Claviceps in 1853. Up to that 

 time the greater part of the sclerotia were considered to be independent representatives 

 of distinct species, and the name Sclerotium was introduced by Tode 1 to designate 

 the genus formed by the supposed species, each with its own specific name. 



Some fifty species of Sclerotium were described by Fries in his Systema mycolo- 

 gicum and his Elenchus ; the number was subsequently increased to eighty and 

 additions to it are still made by writers, who prefer the hasty publication of imperfect 

 observations to more prolonged investigation. 



It appears, as has been shown above, that we are at the present time acquainted 

 with the development and especially with the sporophores of a considerable number 

 of sclerotia. Others are less perfectly known, in some only the mature sclerotium 

 has been seen. Undescribed sclerotia are still not unfrequently found in examining 

 Fungi. Appended is a list of the species of Fungi which are at present known or 

 supposed to form sclerotia, together with the old specific names of the sclerotia 

 wherever they have been ascertained. 



1. Feziza tuberosa. P. Tuba, Batsch (Micheli, 1. c.), P. Sclerotiorum, Lib. Sclero- 

 tium compactum, S. varium), P. Candolleana, Lev. (Sclerotium Pustula), P. Fuckeliana 

 (Sclerotium echinatum, Fuckel) ; the two last named Pezizas are in all probability iden- 

 tical, and to them belong the gonidiophores known as Botrytis cinerea, P. (B. erythropus, 

 Lev.), and the ' SclerQtium durum ' from which these spring. The little Peziza men- 

 tioned in par. a, p. 32, as growing on the veins of the leaves of Prunus is very near to these 

 species ; its sclerotia found on the same leaves were incorrectly named Sclerotium 

 areolatum, Fr. in my first edition. 



Peziza ciborioides, Fr. (Hoffmann). P. baccarum (Schroter). 

 P. Curreyana, Berk. (Sclerotium roseum, Kneiff). 

 P. Durieana, Tul. (Sclerotium sulcatum, Desm.). 



The above Pezizas with some others have been made a separate genus Rutstroemia, 

 by Karsten (Mycol. fennica) and Sclerotinia by Fuckel (Symbol, mycolog.). 

 Peziza ripensis, Hansen. 



2. Claviceps purpurea, Tul., C. microcephala, Tul., C. nigricans, Tul. (Sclerotium 

 Clavus, DC.). C. pusilla, Cesati. 



Hypomyces armeniacus, Tul. 



Vermicularia minor, Fr., also Xylaria bulbosa, P. (see Tul. Carpol.). 



3. Typhula lactea, Tul. T. Todei, Fr. T. caespitosa, Ces. T. Euphorbiae, Fuckel 

 (Sclerotium Cyparissiae, DC. ?), T. graminum, Karst. (Sclerotium fulvum, Fr.), T. 

 variabilis, Riess (Sclerotium Semen, Tode if the cortex is dark-brown, Sclerotium 

 vulgatum, Fr. if it is yellow). T. erythropus (Sclerotium crustuliforme, Dsm.). T. 

 phacorrhiza (Sclerotium scutellatum, A. S.). T. gyrans (Sclerotium complanatum, 

 Tode). I give the names in the two last species on the authority of Fries, Hymeno- 

 mycetes Europaei, 1874. Leveille" had given the name of Clavaria juncea to the 

 sporophores growing out of Sclerotium complanatum, and in my first edition I gave 



1 Fungi Mecklenburgenses selecti. p. z. 



