48 DIVISION I. GENERAL MORPHOLOGY. 



length occupied by several whorls of spores at a cell-length's distance from one 

 another, or shows their points of attachment when the spores themselves have 

 dropped 1 . 



The gonidiophores of Sclerotinia Fuckeliana, known by the name of Botrytis cinerea, 

 send out several lateral branches in a paniculate manner beneath their apex, the lower 

 of which are themselves branched. The somewhat enlarged and rounded ends of the 

 primary hyphae and of its branches abjoint many spores simultaneously on their 

 surface. As these ripen the sporiferous terminal cells of the hypha as well 

 the entire lateral branches die, dry up, and almost disappear, while the spores are 

 clustered together without arrangement. But a new growth begins in the cell beneath 

 the terminal cell ; it either simply elongates, and then forms a new sporiferous structure, 

 or it sends out one or more strong lateral branches which behave in the same way 

 as the primary hypha. Formation of sporiferous structures and prolification may 

 take place repeatedly on the same hypha; traces of the branches that have been 

 cast off are seen in the circular scars which project a little towards the outside 2 . 



2. COMPOUND SPOROPHORES. 



SECTION XII. The chief forms of the compound sporophores of the Fungi are 

 well-known to every one; the stalked umbrella-like and the sessile flabelliform or 

 horse-shoe-shaped pileus of the Hymenomycetes (Champignon, Mushroom, Amadou- 

 fungus), the club-shaped or shrubby Clavarieae, the peridia of the Bovistae and 

 Truffles, the cups of Peziza, and lastly the simpler forms which issue as flat or 

 pulvinate bodies from the surface of dead or living plants and are comprised under 

 the terms layer, stroma/a, or receptacula. 



Some of the last more simple forms may be regarded as transitions to simple 

 sporophores, being indeed aggregates of these and exhibiting a more or less compact and 

 characteristic union, which may however vary in one and the same species. Such 

 are the gonidial layers of Cystopus and Hypochnus centrifugus, Tul. The gonidiophores 

 of Penicillium are sometimes single hyphae, sometimes are united together into tufts 

 to which Link gave the name of Coremium ; and the same is the case with the 

 gonidiophores of the insect-killing Sphaeriaceae, in which the club-shaped branching 

 tufts, which are often of considerable size, are known by the name of Isaria 3 . 



But by far the largest number of compound sporophores, and it is with these 

 that we- are chiefly concerned here, show much more constant and more distinct 

 differentiations. Amid the great diversity of individual peculiarities one character 

 may be regarded as almost universal, namely, that a compound sporophore produces 

 its characteristic organs of reproduction (spore-mother-cells) in large quantities, and 

 that they are grouped in a definite manner and at definite spots upon it. The 

 spore-mother-cells form there continuous strata or aggregates of some other 

 shape, either by themselves or accompanied by accessory organs usually termed 

 paraphyses. These aggregates are conveniently included under the general name of 



1 Fresenius, Beitr. t. Ill, V. Corda, Prachtflora. Coemans, Spicilege, No. 8. Woronin, 

 Beitr. Ill, t. VI. 



* Fresenius, Beitr. t. II. 



* Bot. Ztg. 1867, i. 



