292 



DIVISION II. COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. 



of being moved up and down on the stipe in consequence of the first separation, the 

 annnlus mobilis. 



2. In the species of the groups of Amanita and Volvaria which are furnished 

 with a volva, the development of the pileus is essentially different from that of the 

 rest of the Hymenomycetes, as far at least as has been ascertained by my older and 

 Brefeld's recent examination of the Amaniteae. In this group the compound 

 sporophore in its earliest state is a small tuber-like body produced on a mycelium 

 consisting of a weft of hyphae uniformly capable of development. This body grows 

 in every direction, and not by advance on one side only, to the size of a hazel-nut 

 or even larger, and stipe, pileus, and lamellae are formed inside it by differentiation 

 of the tissue, by being moulded as it were out of the originally homogeneous 

 fundamental mass. The youngest roundish tubers, somewhat more than i mm. in 

 diameter, which Brefeld saw in Amanita muscaria, are close wefts of hyphae, 

 composed in the larger portion of the tuber of slender cylindrical cells which are 



FIG. 134. Copriniis micacctis, Fr. a a young specimen 2 mm. in length in radial longitudinal section; the 

 annular furrow beneath the future hymenial surface is bridged over on the outside by the veli. t a specimen 3'5 mm. 

 in length in radial longitudinal section, c a thin radial longitudinal section through a somewhat younger 

 specimen than *. d transverse section through the middle of the pileus off. a and 6 slightly magnified, d inagn. 

 oo times c somewhat less highly magnified. 



here and there dilated into vesicles. In a small peripheral section, which, from its 

 position with respect to the substratum, may be called the apex, the hyphal tissue is 

 exclusively formed of slender delicate filaments, and its elements are evidently in the 

 act of branching copiously. This apical portion is the primordium of the pileus of 

 the larger part of the stipe and of the volva which covers the summit of the pileus. 

 All beside is the young base of the stipe, which is always swollen and tuber-like and 

 is therefore termed the bulbus. A median longitudinal section through tubers of 

 about twice the size shows that the tissue of the apical region is differentiated into a 

 peripheral portion formed of many layers, the volva, and a bluntly conical body 

 inclosed by the volva, the primordium of the pileus and stipe; both volva and primor- 

 dium of pileus and stipe are lost below in the bulbus. In the next stage the flat um- 

 brella-like commencement of the pileus appears at the apex of the primordium, being 



