EXPLANATION OF TERMS. 



493 



bud capable of developing directly into a 

 new bion. Same as brood-bud. 

 Bulbus. In Hymenomycetes : swollen 

 base of the stipe of the sporophore. 



Canker. Disease in deciduous-leaved trees 

 caused by Nectria ditissima, Tul., and 

 characterised by malformation of the rind, 

 exhibiting a swollen cushion-like margin 

 and a depressed dead centre. 



Cap. In Hymenomycetes : same as pileus. 



Capillitiuru. Sterile thread-like tubes or 

 fibres, often branched or combined in a 

 net, interpenetrating the mass of spores 

 within a ripe sporogenous body. 



Capitate. Having the form of a head. 



Carpogonium. Same as archicarp. 



Carpophore. Stalk of a sporocarp. 



Carpospore. Spore formed in a sporocarp. 



Cellular spore. Same as sporidesm. 



Cementation (Verklebung) of hyphae. 

 Union of membranes by a narrow slip of 

 cementing substance, so that hyphae are 

 inseparably grown together. Same as 

 concrescence. 



Cephalodium. Peculiarly shaped bran- 

 ched or convex outgrowth of a lichen- 

 thallus in which algal cells are localised. 



Chain-gemma. In Mucoreae : gemma 

 having the form of a septate confervoid 

 filament, the segments of which are 

 capable of sprouting. Same as sprout- 

 gemma. 



Chlamydospore. Spore with a very thick 

 spore-membrane. 



Chromidium. Term proposed by Stitzen- 

 berger for an algal cell in a lichen-thallus. 

 See gonidium. 



Clamp-cell. See clamp-connection. 



Clamp - connection (Schnallen- verbind- 

 ung). Small semicircular hollow protu- 

 berance attached laterally along its whole 

 length (or leaving an eye-hole) to the walls 

 of two adjoining cells of a septate hypha 

 and stretching over the septum between 

 them, either communicating with one or 

 both cells of the hypha or completely 

 delimited from both and then forming a 

 clamp-cell (Schnallen-zelle). 



Cleistocarp. Ascocarp in which the asci 

 and ascospores are formed inside a com- 

 pletely closed envelope from which the 

 ascospores escape by its final rupture. 



Coalescence (Verschmelzung) of hy- 

 phae. Complete fusion of the mem- 

 branes of two originally separate hyphae 

 or hyphal branches. 



Cochleariform. Spoonshaped. 



Collenchyma. Form of thick-walled 

 parenchyma in which the middle of the 

 lateral walls of the prismatic cells are 

 thin but the angles strongly thickened so 

 as to round off the cavity of the cell. 



Columella. Sterile axile body within a 

 sporangium. 



Compound Fungus-body (zusammen- 

 gesetzter Pilzkorper). Growth-form in 

 which the thallus is constituted by the 

 cohering of the ramifications of separate 

 hyphae. Comp. Filamentous Fungus, 

 Sprouting Fungus. 



Compound spore. Same as sporidesm. 



Compound sporophore (Fruchtkorper). 

 Sporophore formed by the cohesion of 

 the ramifications of separate hyphal 

 branches. Comp. simple sporophore. 



Concatenate. Linked together in a chain. 



Conceptacle. General expression for a 

 superficial cavity opening outwards 

 within which gonidia are produced. 



Concrescence. Same as cementation. 



Conidiophore. Same as gonidiophore. 



Conidium. Same as brood-cell. 



Conjugation. Union of two gametes to 

 form a zygote. 



Conjugation-cell. Same as gamete. 



Cortex. Same as rind. 



Cortina. In Hymenomycetes : marginal 

 veil ruptured at its connection with the 

 stipe and hanging from the margin of the 

 pileus as a shreddy membrane. Same as 

 curtain, velum in narrower sense of 

 Persoon. 



Cross-septation (Querzergliederung). 

 Division of the terminal portion of a 

 hypha or hyphal branch by transverse 

 septa into a number of spore-cells. 



Crustaceous thallus (thallus crustaceus). 

 In Lichens: a thallus is crustaceous when 

 it forms a flat crust on or in the substratum, 

 adhering firmly to this by its whole under 

 surface, so that it cannot be separated 

 without injury. Same as thallus lepodes. 



Crystalloid. Crystal of proteid. 



Cup. In Ascomycetes: same as discocarp. 



Curtain. Same as cortina. 



Cutis. Same as pellicula. 



Cyphella. In Lichens : circumscribed pit 

 in the rind on the under surface of the 

 thallus. 



Cystidium. In Hymenomycetes : large 

 unicellular, often inflated, structure pro- 

 jecting beyond the basidia and para- 

 physes of the hymenium. See anther, 

 antheridium, pollinarium. 



Dichotomy. Forking in pairs, i.e. cessation 

 of previous increase in length at an apex 

 with continuation equally in two diverging 

 directions. Comp. monopodium. 



Diclinous. Having male or female sexual 

 organs developed on different branches 

 of a thallus. Comp. androgynous. 



Dioecious. Having male andfemale organs 

 on different individuals. Comp. monoe- 

 cious. 



