126 AETHROPODA. 



a sharp slender tongue (labrum), and a sheath formed by the 

 labial palpi. There are also two long maxillary palpi. The an- 

 tenna are very small, placed in a cavity, and with the number 

 of joints varying according to the species. The hind legs are 

 formed for leaping. 



Pulicid(S. 

 Pulex (Flea). 

 Sarcopsylla (Chigoe, or Jigger). 



Order VII. LEPIDOPTERA. 



GLOSSATA. 



Four extended wings, scaly on both sides ; nervures branching. 

 Tibise spurred. Haustellate or antliate. Larva or caterpillar 

 inandibulate, with six legs and four to ten prolegs. Pupa ob- 

 tected. 



The suctorial proboscis [antlia], or tongue, as it is incorrectly 

 called, consists of two slender pieces [elongated maxillae], and is 

 rolled up in a state of repose ; it is accompanied by two well- 

 developed labial palpi. The head is attached to the thorax by 

 slender ligaments. The body is hairy. The legs are long, slen- 

 der, and similar, and very loosely attached. In some butterflies 

 the fore legs are rudimentary. A pair of scales [tegulre, para- 

 ptera, or pterygoda] are found on the rnesothorax at the base of 

 the upper or anterior wings ; and a pair of vesicular bodies 

 [patagia or tippets] close to these, but attached to the prothorax. 

 There are also peculiar plumose scales on the wings of the males 

 of certain butterflies. Some of the moths have a special appa- 

 ratus for keeping the wings on the same side together during 

 flight. The scales covering the wings are very variable, even on 

 different parts of the same insect. 



The species of many genera of butterflies and moths closely 

 resemble species of other genera, Trochilium and Sesia simula- 

 ting bees, wasps, and flies, and some even beetles. One (Callima 

 Inachis) might be taken for a leaf when at rest. Dimorphism or 

 polymorphism is probably not uncommon. Papilio Pammon has 

 three sets of females, P. Memnon and some others two. Butler 

 remarks that species "almost identical in every respect" in their 

 perfect state are in their larval condition so dissimilar as to leave 

 no doubt of their being distinct ; Bates, indeed, considers the value 

 of the larval structure as a systematic character to be " very small." 



The lame, or caterpillars, before passing into the pupa stage, 



