GLOSSAKT. 275 



Fissiparous. Asexual generation by division into two parts. 

 Flagellum. A hair-like body differing from a cilium in its 



greater length. 

 Foramen magnum. The large opening in the occipital bone where 



the spinal cord joins the brain. 



Forceps. A pair of movable anal appendages, as in the earwig. 

 Fornix. Forms part of the floor of the left ventricle of the 



brain. 

 Frenum. A fold of skin, sometimes, as in certain Cirripedia, 



bearing ova. 



Fulcra. Spiny scales on the ns of certain Ganoid fishes. 

 Funicle. That part of the antennae of certain insects between 



the scape and the club. 



G-amogenesis. Sexual reproduction. 



Ganglion. A knot (or centre) of nervous matter. 



Grastr&a. The unknown or hypothetical stock, according to 

 Hackel, from which the gastrula is derived. 



Gastrocnemiws. The large muscle of the calf of the leg. 



Gastrula. The larval form from which all the Metazoa are sup- 

 posed to be descended. It is said by Agassiz to be only another 

 name for planula ; it is, however, a later development. 



Gemmation, or budding, occurs when a small portion of the 

 parent is detached and develops into the likeness of its parent. 



Gemmiparous. Forming buds. 



Gemmules. " Spores," or capsules containing protoplasmic cells 

 in certain sponges. These cells develop into the mature form, 

 and are one of the forms of asexual growth. 



Geneogenesis (Quatrefages). Apparently synonymous with Par- 



Geographical distribution of living beings is concerned with the 

 areas of the earth's surface within which groups of different 

 kinds of organisms exist which are not found elsewhere. For 

 plants botanists give from twenty-five to thirty such areas or 

 provinces; a much smaller number suffice for the zoologist. 

 The most usually, or rather only, adopted provinces are those 

 proposed by Mr. Sclater for birds, but which are found to be 

 well adapted generally for the whole animal kingdom (Proc. 

 Linn. Soc. ii. p. 130, 1857). He divides the earth's surface into 

 six regions: (1) The Palsearctic Kegion Africa north of the 

 Atlas, Europe, Asia Minor, Persia, and Asia generally north of 



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