68 VERGES. 



Two groups may be distinguished : Articulata ( = Radicata), 

 zoarium divided into internodes ; Crisiidse. Inarticulate. ( = In- 

 crustata), zoarium not so divided ; including Frondiporidffi, with 

 cells aggregated into bundles (Fasciculinea) ; the remaining fami- 

 lies not so aggregated (Tubulinea). There are numerous fossil 

 species. 



Crisiidce. Tubuliporidcs. Domopora. 



Crisia. Alecto. Defrancia. 



Hornera. Discoporellida. Cerioporidce. 



Discoporella. *Ceriopora. 



CTENOSTOMATA. Cell-opening closed by marginal setae. No 

 avicularia nor vibracula. 



Only two families appear strictly to belong to this suborder, 

 Alcyonidiidae and Vesiculariidas. Pedicellina, Paludicella, Urna- 

 tella, and Loxosoma are by some considered to represent as many 

 suborders. Of these Pedicellina is sometimes referred to Gyin- 

 nolseinata, sometimes to Phylactola3inata. Schmarda, adopting 

 Nitsche's name of Endoprocta as an order, takes Pedicellina 

 and the last two genera as the types of three families; the 

 rest of Polyzoa forming the order Ectoprocta. 



Alcyonidium gelatuwsum is A, diaphanum of Hooker's 'Flora 

 Scotica.' 



Vesicular iidce. Bowerbankia. 



Vesicularia. 



Serialaria. Alcyomduda. 



Yalkeria. Alcyonidium. 



Order II. PHYLACTOL2EMATA. 



LOPHOPODA. HlPPOCREPIA. 



Separation of individuals incomplete. Mouth with an epi- 

 stome (or epiglottis). Lophopore bilateral, crescent-shaped, with 

 numerous tentacles. 



" The young, on its escape from the statoblast, is at first soli- 



