112 ARTHROPOD A. 



The tarsi are two-jointed, the last joint, instead of claws, 

 having a sort of sucking-disk. In some species the female is pro- 

 vided with an ovipositor. 



A limited group of small insects living under the bark of trees, 

 or in flowers, and sucking their sap. Glaus places them in the 

 Pseudo-Neuroptera. 



Thripidee. 

 Coleothrips. 

 Thrips. 



MALLOPHAGA ( = Anoplura). Meso- and metathorax united. 

 Mouth rnandibulate. Wingless. No metamorphosis. Parasitic. 



The mouth has two mandibles, with or without palpi. The 

 antennas are from three- to six-jointed. The eyes are simple, but 

 sometimes absent. The thorax is apparently composed of two 

 rings. 



The Mallophaga are Hemiptera, which, owing to their parasitic 

 nature, have not passed beyond a primary stage of development. 

 They are found mostly on birds, living on the feathers. The 

 Pecliculidas, which must be placed near them, have the mouth 

 produced into a fleshy proboscis, with hooks at the end, within 

 which, enclosed in a chitinous sheath, are two sharp-pointed sty- 

 lets. They live on the blood of mammals. Hosmatomyzus is a 

 peculiar parasite of the Indian elephant. 



Nirmidce. Docophorus. Gyropus. 



Trichodectes. Menopon. 



Nirmus L/iotheidtB. Eureum. 



Goniodes. Liotheum. Colpocephalum. 



Trinotum. 



Pediculidce. Haamatopinus. 



Pediculus (Louse). 



Phthirius. Hsematomyzus. 



OrderlV. OETHOPTERA. 

 ULONATA. 



Four wings, two anterior coriaceous, pergameneous, or sub- 

 membranous ; two posterior membranous, folded longitudinally. 

 Manclibulate. Larva and pupa more or less resembling the 

 imago, but without wings. 



The upper wings are variable in texture, either meeting at 

 the edges or overlapping more or less, but they are never exactly 



