AUTHBOPODA. 123 



PUPIPARA. Larva and pupa developed in the abdomen of the 

 mother. Head retracted. Antennas in a cavity of the head. 

 Parasitic. 



The mouth is peculiar and the analogies of its parts very 

 obscure. The wings are often rudimentary or absent, and with 

 or without halteres. Eyes and ocelli are sometimes wanting. 

 The bee-louse (Braula cceca) is a parasite on the Italian bee (Apis 

 Ligustica). Nycteribia is a spider-like wingless form found on 

 bats. 



Braulidce. Hippoboscidce. 



Braula (Bee-louse). Hippobosca (Bot, or Forest-fly). 



Melophagus (Sheep-tick). 

 Nycteribiida. Ornithomyia. 



Nycteribia. Strebla. 



BRACHYCERA. Oviparous. Antennae short, apparently not 

 more than three-jointed. Palpi one- or two-jointed. 



The larvae are aquatic or terrestrial,' v feeding on vegetable or 

 animal matter, or parasitic. The perfect insect lives on the 

 juices of animals or plants. 



The antennas are many-jointed in some families (Beridse, Stra- 

 tiomyidae, Tabanidas), the so-called third joint really consisting 

 of several. The number of pieces composing the haustellum 

 varies two, four, or six; and on this character Macquart has 

 founded his arrangement, naming his divisions Dichaetae, Tetra- 

 chaetae, and Hexachaetas respectively. Tabanidae, in having nearly 

 all the parts of a mandibulate mouth, should probably be consi- 

 dered as the highest form ; and the parasitic OEstridae, which 

 have an obsolete mouth, the lowest. It is perhaps, however, 

 more convenient to adopt the sequence of Macquart. 



Tabanidce. 

 Haematopota. 

 Chrysops. 

 Tabanus (Gad-fly). 

 Pangonia. 



Berida. Stmtiomyida. Pachygaster=Vappo. 



Xylophagus. Coenomyia. Nemotelus. 



Actina. Clitellaria. Platyna. 



Beris. Sargus. Odontomyia. 



