130 



ARTHROPOD A. 



Nymphalis. 



Epicalia. 



Anartia. 



Eunica. 



Heterochroa. 



Timetes. 



Eubagis. 



Myscelia. 



Acrsea. 



Coloenis. 



Euides. 



Heliconia. 



Order VIII. COLEOPTERA. 

 ELEUTHERATA. 



Four wings, the anterior [elytra] hard, meeting down the back 

 by a straight suture; the posterior wings membranous, folded * 

 back transversely before the apex. Mandibulate. Four palpi. 

 Larva variable, with legs (six) or apodal ; no prolegs. Pupa in- 

 active, showing more or less the parts of the future insect. 



The antennge are generally composed of eleven joints, but some- 

 times, although very rarely, fifty or more, in Articerus only one, 

 varying greatly in character, and occasionally also according to 

 sex. There are two eyes ; one or two ocelli are found in some 

 Dermestidse, as well as in Homalium and a few allied genera. 

 That they are true ocelli, however, has been denied. The mouth, 

 very uniform in its type, and complete in its structure, consists of 

 an upper lip or labrum attached to the clypeus, generally by a 

 membrane called the epistome, two strong mandibles, two weaker 

 maxillae, each carrying a palpus and mostly two-lobed, and a 

 lower lip or labium, with a pair of palpi, and attached to the 

 mentum, which in its turn is attached to the lower part of the 

 head, or jugulum. Some confusion has arisen from calling the 

 labium and mentum together by the former name : the labium 

 then becomes the " ligula," an inappropriate designation, some- 

 times confounded with "lingula" ["languette" of the French 

 entomologists], and so regarded as a tongue ; but if any thing is 

 to be considered in Coleoptera analogous to the tongue, it is the 

 paraglossae, delicate membranous organs occasionally found behind 

 the labium. The prothorax is the only portion of the thorax 

 seen from above when the elytra are closed, except the scutellum ; 

 but this part is frequently wanting ; it belongs to the mesothorax. 



