201 



Elapidas, Ophiophagus. Hydrophida (Sea- 



Diemenia. Naia (Cobra). snakes). 



Bungarus. Furina. Hydrophis=Pelamis. 



Hoplocephalus. Elaps. Enhydrina. 



Platurus. 



SOLENOGLYPHA. Mouth dilatable. Fangs in the upper jaw 

 perforated. Poison-glands always present. 



The head is triangular, much broader at the base than the neck. 

 The palate and under jaw are provided with teeth. The tail is 

 comparatively short ; in the rattlesnake terminated by 20-30 

 horny movable rings formed by the epidermis. In Cerastes the 

 epidermis is developed into small horns above the eyes. 



ViperidcB. Cerastes. Cenchris. 



Pelias (Viper or Atractaspis. Bothrops. 



Adder). Crotalus (Eattle- 

 Vipera. Crotalidce. snake). 



Clotho! Trimeresurus. Trigonocephalus. 



Order II. SAHRIA. 

 LACERTILIA. 



Body slender, covered with horny scales; mostly with four 

 legs. Eyes with movable lids. Mouth not dilatable. 



The legs are generally four, sometimes only two, or they may 

 be absent. In the apodal forms there are only rudiments of the 

 shoulder-girdle, and in Anguis fragilis of a sternum and pelvis. 

 The vertebras, except in Hatteria, are procoelous : in the dorsal 

 vertebras there is only one surface on each side for the articulation 

 of the ribs. These, except in the apodal forms, are few in number 

 comparatively, and, in the normal forms, some of them are always 

 attached to the sternum. The teeth are usually simple, fixed in 

 the jaws, not in distinct sockets; the palate is rarely toothed. 

 The upper jaw has no independent motion, as it has in the ser- 

 pents, and the lower jaw forms one bone. The tympanum of the 

 ear is nearly on a level with the skin. In some species there is^ 

 row of perforated scales on the inside of the thighs ; these are the 

 femoral pores. The anal cleft is transverse. 



In most Sauria the lungs are equal, but in the blindworm 

 (Anguis fragilis') the left lung is only half the length of the right. 

 Another peculiarity of this animal is that it casts its skin like 

 serpents. 



