244 



VERTEBRATA. 



Order III. BRUTA. 



EDENTATA. 



Teeth small, or sometimes wanting ; no median incisors ; no 

 canines. Feet with long and strong claws. 



There are no teeth in Manis and Myrmecophaga ; but in Dasy- 

 pus gigas there are about 100, all molars. There is no second 

 set, and they are without enamel and destitute of roots. The 

 tongue in the toothless species is long and extensible. In Dasy- 

 podidae the skin of the upper parts is covered with bony plates 

 [scutes], in Manis with scales; hair is also present. There are 

 two pectoral mammae, to which sometimes a pair of inguinal 

 or abdominal is added. The stomach is musculo-tendinous, a 

 set-off for the low power of mastication. There is no caecum in 

 Manis, and there are two casca in Dasypus. Choloepus has twenty- 

 three pairs of ribs, the largest number known among the Mammalia. 



The placenta is variable but mostly non-deciduate. There is 

 only one young at a birth, except in the armadillos. In the great 

 anteater the young remains with the mother for a year, and is 

 carried on her back. 



The Bruta are very slow in their movements, have a very 

 feeble cry, or are mute. The sloths are arboreal ; the remainder 

 are mostly burrowing ; therefore they have unusually powerful 

 fore limbs and stout clavicles. The extinct species were of large 

 size, and appear to have been numerous ; South America then, as 

 now, was the region most affected by them. 



To this order belong the great anteater (Myrmecopkagajubatd), 

 armadillo (I)asypus sexcinctus and D. peba), and sloth (Bradypits 

 torquatus). Two species of Orycteropus are the only African 

 representatives of the family ; while Manis represents it in Asia. 

 Manis. Myrmecophaga, and Orycteropusiorra. the family Vermilin- 

 guia of some writers. Dasypodidas are synonymous with Cingu- 

 lata or Loricata. Tardigrada are the Bradypodidae, and Gravi- 

 grada the Megatheriidae. 



Maniacs. 

 Manis (Pangolin). 



Macrotheriidce. 



*Macrotherium. 

 *Ancylotherium. 



Myrmecophagidce. 



Myrmecophaga 



(Anteater). 

 Cyclothurus. 

 *Glossotherium. 



Orycteropodida. 



Orycteropus 

 (Ground-hog). 



Dasypodida. 

 Chlamyphorus. 



