VERTEBEATA. 259 



in the Carnivora ; the upper canine passes towards or outside the 

 lower jaw, and is sometimes a formidable tusk. Clavicles are 

 always present. 



In a natural state the Quadrumana are quadrupedal ; their 

 narrow pelvis and inability to place the sole of the hind feet to 

 the ground, owing to the oblique articulation of the foot on the 

 leg, disable them from walking erect except with difficulty. 



The younger animals of the anthropoid species most nearly 

 approach man in the form of the skull ; as they get older they 

 become more bestial, and the brain is smaller in proportion. 

 The two mammae are pectoral, except in some of the lemurs, 

 in which they are sometimes ventral. 



This order comprises two suborders Simise and Prosimiae. 

 The latter has been separated as an order by some authors. Carus 

 even places it between the Rodentia and the Carnivora. The 

 Sirnise have a discoidal deciduate placenta ; a face mostly naked 

 or without hair, and flat nails on all the fingers, although there 

 are some exceptions. The Prosirniae have an indeciduate placenta, 

 a hairy face, and nails mostly unguiculate. Their brain is much 

 less convoluted (in some quite smooth) than the brain of the 

 Sirniae ; and the incisors, always four in each jaw in the Siniise, 

 are sometimes only two in the Prosimiae. 



In the Sirnias of the New World the nostrils are lateral and 

 widely apart (Platyrrhini), and the pollex is not opposable to the 

 fingers ; Cebidae have prehensile tails. In the Simiae of the Old 

 World the nostrils are oblique and close together (Catarrhini), and 

 the pollex is opposable to the fingers. In the Prosirnise the nostrils 

 are curved or twisted (Strepsirrhini). 



There are many fossil forms supposed to be allied to Lemur, 

 especially several recently discovered in the Eocene of North 

 America. The first remains of the higher Quadrumana appear 

 in the Miocene. 



In this order we find the gorilla ( Troglodytes gorilla), chim- 

 panzee (Troglodytes niger), ourang-outang (Simla satyrus), ape 

 [Barbary] (Inuussylvanus), baboon (Cynocephalmpapio), mandrill 

 (Cynocephalus mormon), spider-monkey (Ateles paniscus), green 

 monkey (Cercopithecus sabceus), howler (Mycetes seniculus), and 

 marmoset (Hapale jacchus). The sacred monkey of India is Sem- 

 nopithecus entellus. Among the Lemurs are the macaco (Lemur 

 catta), potto (Perodicticus potto], and the aye-aye (Chiromys ma- 

 dagascariensis'} . 



The last two genera of the following list comprise the "Anthro- 

 poid apes." 



s2 



