84: ELEMENTS OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 



one, the whole series reaching its apex in that pestilential 

 immigrant, the English sparrow. Among these singing 

 birds are some which, like the crows, are not noted for 

 their musical abilities, and their near relatives, the birds 



FIG. 36. Winter Wren. From Coues. 



of paradise. We can only mention, in addition, the star- 

 lings, flycatchers, wrens, orioles, warblers, and thrushes, 

 forms which make our woods vocal and beautiful. 



COMPARISONS. 



With columns for Birds and Reptiles, answer the follow- 

 ing questions: 



(1) Are scales present ? 



(2) Are claws present ? 



(3) How many occipital condyles ? 



(4) Is there a distinct quadrate bone connecting the 

 upper jaw with the skull ? 



(5) Are true ribs present ? 



(6) How many chambers to the heart ? 



(7) What is the size of the eggs ? 



(8) Are functional gills ever developed ? 



(9) Do the urinary and reproductive ducts empty into 

 the hinder part of the alimentary canal ? 



