60 CAPTAIN ZACHARY G. LAMSON 



As to France, and by France we mean 

 Napoleon, her conduct toward the United 

 States was as much worse than that of Eng- 

 land as a stab in the back is worse than a 

 blow in the face. 



It is of interest to consider what trade 

 was open to the United States at a time 

 when Congress passed the embargo. In the 

 "Columbian Centinel" of Nov. 26, 1808, 

 is Gallatin's report of exports to ports free 

 from British orders in council, by which it 

 appears that the sum total of such exports 

 was $60,250,486, of which $36,109,999 

 were domestic and $24,140,487 were for- 

 eign. The trade with England and her 

 colonies was still open, as well as that with 

 the French, Spanish, Dutch and Danish 

 Islands, and with India, China, Asia Minor 

 and Sweden. Mr. Pickering, in his speech 

 of Nov. 30, 1808, states that Mr. Gray of 

 Salem, and Mr. Thorndike 1 of Beverly, 



1 Quotations from a letter to Mr. Pickering from Israel 

 Thorndike: "But of the fact I have no doubt, that our 

 trade would be much greater if the embargo was removed, 



