ECONOMIC SOCIAL 117 



men to each ton is roughly one to sixteen. 

 If we allow that each ship carried a cap- 

 tain and no others except seamen, 1 the 

 total number of hands needed to man the 

 ship would be about the proportion of one 

 to fifteen. Taking large and small vessels 

 together, the general average would be one 

 man to each ten or eleven tons. 



In 1811 the tonnage of the United States, 

 as given by Pitkin, was 1,232,000 tons, 

 which, on the basis of one man to every ten 

 tons, would give 123,000 2 men as needed 



1 The ship " Juno, " on her voyage to the northwest 

 coast of America, carried a captain, two mates, a clerk, 

 two armorers, a cook, carpenter, tailor and musician, 

 thirty-six men in all. The " Juno " was 250 tons burden 

 and carried one man to every seven tons. MONROE, 

 History of Bristol, p. 275. 



The famous ship "Massachusetts" on her voyage to 

 the East Indies carried a captain, four mates, a purser, 

 surgeon, three midshipmen, three boatswains, a gunner, 

 two stewards, a cooper, four quartermasters, two cooks, 

 one servant and forty-two seamen. POTTER, History 

 of Quincy, p. 493. 



2 This estimate is probably too large. Seventy-five 

 to one hundred thousand seamen was the estimate given 



