74 DEVELOPMENT OF FORM [CH. 



and twigs (Figs. 20, 21); or the crown may assume such 

 forms as ovoid, oblong or ellipsoid and similar figures, 

 with very slight differences in the details of relative 

 elongation and ramification of the upper and lower 

 branches. 



We can make our studies of these various methods of 

 crown-shaping by variations in the modes of branching 

 and natural pruning more definite by reference to concrete 

 cases treated diagrammatically. 



Fig. 22. Sapling of a Pine. 



In Fig. 22, I have drawn a diagrammatic repre- 

 sentation of a Pine in the sapling stage, but although 

 only four main branches are given to each whorl we see 

 that the rapid complexity of the branching obscures the 

 analysis, even if each lateral only puts forth two shoots, 

 each again bearing two shoots, and so on. In Fig. 23, a 

 similar stage is represented in a slightly more conventional 

 manner, the branches of each whorl which would stand 



