146 DOUGLAS FIR. SPRUCE 



twigs expanded in the horizontal plane, the latter bearing 

 crowded linear leaves arranged in a pectinate 1 , apparently 

 distichous, manner; leaves silvery below. Cones blunt 

 with numerous thin closely imbricated scales. Crown 

 pyramidal-pointed, twigs opposite (see also p. 156). 



Many other species of Abies are met with in culture. 

 Most of them have silvery or bluish-glaucous foliage, and 

 all are distinguished from the Spruces (Picea) by the erect 

 cones. 



l~~l r~l Spray of the lower branches more or less 

 pendent right and left of the sweeping 

 branches of the pseudo-whorls. Cones 

 pendent and falling as a whole. 



Leaves resembling those of Abies but 

 not so decidedly combed right and 

 left; branches not so decidedly in 

 pseudo-whorls; cones with prominently 

 exserted three-pointed bracts protruding 

 from between the scales. 



Pseudotsuga Douglasii, Carr. Douglas Fir (Fig. 62). 

 Tall North American Fir attaining 150 200 feet on the 

 Pacific coast, with red-brown scaly fissured bark, and 

 slender sweeping branches with upturned tips, bearing 

 crowded spray with linear leaves all round, and often 

 curved forwards. Remarkably feathery habit. 



Leaves acicular-quadrangular ; cones 

 sub-cylindric with no projecting barren 

 scales. 



Picea excelsa, L. Spruce (Fig. 62). General habit, 

 narrow elongated, pyramidal-pointed, resembling that of 

 Silver Fir, and attaining 100 150 feet, but crown more 



1 [The term "pectinate" (also represented in the specific name of 

 Abies pectinata) here does not refer to the shape of the leaves, but is 

 descriptive of their arrangement in a double comb-like pseudo-distichous 

 pattern.] 



