180 SPINDLE TREE 



pubescent when young ; black on drying. See p. 293. 

 Autumn leaves brown to black. 



Venation like that of 8. alba, pinnate-reticulate, but 

 the secondaries much finer and closer. Stomata on both 

 surfaces ; those above isolated or numerous. 



[For the hybrid 8. rubra see p. 245.] 



(ii) Leaves ovate or oblong lanceolate, about 

 twice as long as broad : stipules minute and 

 very caducous. 



Euonymus europceus, L. Spindle Tree (Fig. 45). 

 Glabrous shrub, with foetid odour and angular shoots and 

 twigs ; the stipules so minute and caducous as to be easily 

 overlooked. Leaves shortly petiolate, 3 12 x T5 4 cm., 

 elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, or ovate ; acute 

 or acuminate, finely serratulate, glabrous and matt green, 

 paler beneath ; petiole 5 10 mm. Autumn leaves red- 

 dish. 



Venation pinnate-looped. The midrib gives off about 

 8 pairs of secondaries, pinnate at open angles, slender and 

 slightly curved forwards ; these soon loop, and from the 

 loops the ends of small terminals pass into the teeth. 

 Reticulation open and faint. Secondaries about ^ the 

 length of the midrib apart, with no prominent outer 

 branches. Tertiaries at very acute angles on the outer, 

 obtuse on the inner side of the secondaries. 



(2) Leaves exstipulate. 

 [See note, p. 161.] 



[For (b) (a) Leaves lobed, palmatifid, and with palmate 



see p. 186.] venation. Petioles long. 



[For (ii) (i) Leaves large, up to 10 20 cm. or more in 



seep ' 184 ' ] diameter. 



