136 PINES 



shoot with recurved tips. The leaf-scales which follow 

 are ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, green and herbaceous at 

 the base, but eventually harden off, their upper parts 

 delicate and membranous, translucent, with scarious tips 

 and delicately ciliate margins, and surround the shoot 

 until the bud opens, when their upper parts fall. These 

 leaves are densely crowded in the bud and easily rub off. 

 Each carries in its axil a bud, composed of about 8 12 

 enveloping scale-leaves (perulse), spirally arranged as in 

 a tube from within which the two green needles emerge 

 as they elongate. The apex of this dwarf-shoot in rare 

 cases develops as a shoot from between the two needles 

 (see Figs. 1012). 



P. montana is hardly to be distinguished by the buds 

 which are, however, long-ovoid and densely resinous- 

 coated but is very different in habit. 



(ii) Needles longer, dark green : twigs green- 

 ish yellow. 



P. Laricio, Poir, v. austriaca. Black Pine (Fig. 9). 

 The young branches are greenish brown or deep olive- 

 brown and smooth, passing to nearly black, greyish, deeply 

 fissured bark. Buds brown-red, resinous, long-ovoid, with 

 dense silvery scales. Young shoots clothed throughout 

 with the bifoliate spurs. 



P. Pinaster, Cluster Pine, and P. Pinea, Stone Pine, 

 may be compared with this. The bark of P. Pinea is 

 grey-brown, fissured and scaly. The buds of P. Pinaster 

 are large and long, not resinous, and have whitish cilia to 

 the scales. 



The best distinctions from P. austriaca and P. sylves- 

 tris are the much longer leaves and cones, and the habit. 



