II] 



DWARF-SHOOTS OF PINE 



19 



than the preceding there may be a hundred or more 

 and these small brown scales are inserted spirally on the 

 axis, and not in opposite pairs as in the Horse-chestnut. 

 Then, as we gently tear off scale after scale, we find that 

 each bears in its axil i.e. in the angle which its base 

 makes with the axis a small bud (dwarf-shoot) composed 

 in its turn of a few minute brown scales surrounding two 

 as yet very short and slender green leaves placed face to 



a 



a 



Fig. 12. Dwarf-shoot of Pine, just emerging from the bud stage : 

 to the left slightly magnified, to the right in longitudinal section and 

 more highly magnified, a the two green leaves face to face ; 6 the 

 sheath of brown scales (perulae) surrounding them at the base ; c the 

 scale-leaf in the axil of which the dwarf-shoot stands ; d the end of the 

 axis of the dwarf-shoot (Wi). 



face. The relative positions of these minute buds in the 

 axils of the bud-scales are shown in Fig. 11, and one of 

 the dwarf-shoot-buds itself, magnified, in Fig. 12. 



22 



