VII] DISTICHOUS AND SPIKAL BUD-SCALES 55 



necessarily arranged in precisely the same way. The bud- 

 scales are more or less obviously distichous or doubly 

 distichous in 



Lime Apple Camellia 



Celtis Pear Elms 



Chestnut Beech Hornbeam 



Hazel Mulberry Aristolochia 



Ampelopsis Vine. 



In the following the outer bud-scales or leaves are 

 distichous, but they often pass inwards to some form of 

 spiral arrangement : 



Ivy Bilberry Birch 



Chestnut Hazel Lime 



Beech Hornbeam. 



They are spirally imbricate in 



Rhus typhina, Barberry Bittersweet 



Ailanthus Holly Fig 



Alder Walnut Daphne 



Beam Arbutus Broom 



Prunas Rowan Laburnum 



Larch Azalea Rhododendron 



Pines Firs Mulberry 



Black Currant Red Currant Gooseberry 



Blackberry Roses Oaks 



Poplars Birch Cherry 



Bird Cherry Buckthorn Hawthorn 

 and Willows (except Salix purpurea). 



The functions of the bud-scales have been investigated 

 by Grltss, whose results may be thus summarized. 



In Cornus sanguinea, the Vine and some others, starch, 

 and in Lonicera, the Willows, &c., oil is stored as reserve 

 food-materials in the scales. 



