62 PLICATE LEAVES [CH. 



directions, and without reference to the rolling or folding 

 on the midrib. 



Fig. 42. Diagram of plan of Alder-bud. The young leaves are plicate, 

 and each has its two stipules, those of the outermost leaf (uppermost in 

 figure) form the principal bud-scales, the third of which, below, is the 

 outer stipule of the second oldest leaf. 



Fig. 43. Opening bud of Beech, Fagus sylvatica, showing the plicate 

 leaves with their stipules escaping from the stipular bud- scales (Wi). 



