180 ELM 



Ob) Buds short and stout, more or less ovoid or conoid, 

 and not more than twice as long as broad. 



(i) Buds and shoots pubescent, the former 

 exposing several scales, the latter some- 

 what zig-zag: leaf-bases and scars small, 

 semi-circular and somewhat prominent. 



(a) Buds ovoid-pointed, the scales in two verti- 

 cal ranks. Terminal bud always aborted. 



* Bud-scales dark brown, nearly black ; 

 twigs slate-coloured or greyish, not 

 glandular-haired ; the older twigs finely 

 fissured and often with prominent cork- 

 ridges lower down. Spray curved, not 

 pendent. 



Ulmus campestris, L. Elm (Figs. 90 and 15, 29). The 

 spray usually has numerous twigs curving away from the 

 apex. 



The buds stand off obliquely to one side of the leaf-scar, 

 and the scales are fringed with hairs, which are simple and 

 not glandular. The variety which forms thick cork-ridges 

 is often known as var. suberosa. In some varieties e.g. 

 var. effusa the bud-scales have a darker brown margin 

 and the buds are sharp-pointed, and like the branches 

 glabrous. 



The true terminal bud is probably always abortive, its 

 scar being visible beneath the apparently terminal one, 

 and stipular scars can usually be distinctly made out 

 flanking the leaf-scars, to which the bud is oblique. Each 

 leaf-scar, which is nearly elliptical, bears 3 leaf-traces 

 (Fig. 59 m). Pith pale and rounded. Twigs bright reddish 

 or yellowish brown passing to olive-brown. 



In the bud one outer scale overlaps its opposed scale 

 at the edges, and is followed by about 6 8 further such 



