XII] 



PLACENTATION, ETC. 



109 



Four carpels are the rule in the following : 



Holly Spindle Tree Virginian Creeper 



Heath Vaccinium Rhamnus 



Vine Ling Erica 

 Menziesia. 



And in these cases also the placentation is axile. 



In the following the ovary is composed of five carpels : 



Lime Sumach Cydonia 



Arbutus Andromeda Azalea 



Ailanthus Pyrus Ivy 



Bearberry Loiseleuria Rhododendron. 



In other cases the numbers vary from two to five. 

 The placentation is as a rule axile. 



Examples of flowers with the ovary superior, the rest 

 of the parts being hypogynous, are afforded by 



Clematis Mahonia Maple 



Sycamore Norway Maple Vine 



Tree of Heaven Erica Arbutus 



Andromeda 



Lilac 



Mulberry 



Tamarisk 



Horse-chestnut 



Ling 



Loiseleuria 



Bittersweet 



Azalea 



Ash 



Elms 



Barberry 



Holly 



Sumach 



Bearberry 



Privet 



Fig. 



The male flowers of the Birch, Alder, Oaks, Beech, 

 Chestnut, Hazel, Hornbeam, Walnut, &c., having no 

 ovaries, cannot properly be described as hypogynous, 

 though morphologically they may be so considered (see 

 pp. 232-263). 



Menziesia 



Birch 



Tea Tree 



Lime 



Virginian Creeper 



Rhododendron 



Empetrum 



Alder 



