178 JUNIPER 



B. FEMALE FLOWER A CONE OF SEVERAL TO MANY 



SCALES, BEARING THE NAKED OVULES IN THE 

 INNER AXIL OR ON THE AXILLARY FACE ; STAMENS 

 NOT COMPLETELY PELTATE OR IN A STALKED HEAD; 



"FRUIT" WITH SEVERAL SEEDS, NOT ARILLATE 

 (Coniferce). 



[For (2) (1) Stamens of $ cones in whorls of 3, semi- 



peltate; scales of ? cone about 6, in two 

 whorls of 3, the upper bearing an erect 

 ovule in each axil, the lower fleshy and 

 barren; " fruit " a false drupe (? GoOnOu*"), 

 the seeds embedded in the fleshy scales, 

 globoid, blue-black with waxy bloom. 



Juniperus communis, L. Juniper (Fig. 47). Dioecious, 

 rarely monoecious, bush or low shrubby tree, with reddish 

 bark, slender branches, and subulate pungent leaves in 

 whorls of three. 



Male flowers axillary, developed in the previous autumn, 

 enveloped at the base by minute scales, 3 4 mm. long, 

 yellow. Stamens about 15 ; connective, broad-ovate, 

 pointed and somewhat shield-like. Pollen smooth, spheri- 

 cal ; angular when dry. 



Female flowers similarly disposed and developed, 

 but bud-like ; very small, pale green, with imbrica- 

 ting broad-ovate acuminate scales, surrounding a whorl 

 of three divaricating, whitish erect ovules at the 

 tip. 



Cones sub-sessile, ovoid-globose, green, passing to blue- 

 black pruinose fleshy "berries" in the autumn of the 

 second year, about 6 10 mm. long. 



No other Conifer has a fleshy drupaceous cone (Gal- 

 bulus) of this nature, 



