164 HONEY FLOWERS, ETC. [CH. 



Willows Spindle Tree Lime 



Rhamnus Rhus Typhina Blackthorn 



Bird Cherry Plum Gean 



Cherry Raspberry Blackberry 



Apple Pear Rowan 



Hawthorn Cotoneaster Dogwood 



Ivy Fly Honeysuckle Snowberry 



Erica Vaccinium Ijig 



Arctostaphylos Loiseleuria Rhododendron 



Lilac Ligustrum. 



Good examples of flowers especially adapted to pro- 

 tect the pollen and honey from rain and dew are seen in 

 the bell-shaped corollas of 



Erica tetralix Vaccinium uliginosum Arbutus 



E. ciliaris V. Myrtillus Ling 



E. vagans. V. Oxy coccus Bearberry 



E. cinerea V. Vitis-idcea Andromeda 



E. carnea Menziesia. 



There are, however, much more elaborate mechanisms 

 to ensure cross-pollination, of which I will select a few 

 from among our ordinary trees and shrubs ; but it should 

 be noticed that by far the best and most interesting or 

 complex cases are afforded by plants other than those 

 with which this book is concerned, and the reader may be 

 referred especially to the Violet, Salvia, many Composite, 

 Orchids, Asclepiads, Arum, Aristolochia, Primula, &c., for 

 particularly important examples, and to Darwin's works on 

 the Forms of Flowers and on the Fertilisation of Orchids 

 for further particulars of this fascinating subject. 



The Fig (Fig. 96) affords a curious and instructive 

 example. The following account refers more especially to 

 the Fig in its southern home, e.g. Naples. The small 

 flowers lining the interior of the hollow floral axis or 



