182 ABIETINEjE 



(i) Male cones aggregated in proliferous spikes ; 

 $ cones with small and soon overgrown or 

 fused carpellary scales and large ovuliferous 

 scales, the latter more or less thickened at 

 the free ends to form an apophysis. All 

 cones with about 8 10 barren scales at the 

 base representing an incipient "perianth." 

 Ripe cones fall as a whole; seeds with 

 separable wings which clasp the margins 

 by a rim. Leaves of two kinds; isolated 

 scale-leaves on the long shoots, and 

 acicular, foliage-leaves (needles) in tufts 

 of 2 5 on the dwarf shoots (Finns). 



(a) Female cones ovoid-conical, with a more 

 or less rhomboidal apophysis, which bears 

 a transverse ridge and a central umbo, at 

 the free end of each thickened scale; 

 erect or spreading in flower. Needles 

 in pairs or in threes. <f cones yellow. 



* Needles in pairs on the dwarf shoots, semi- 

 circular in section. 



t Cones at most about 60 70 mm. long, 

 terminal or nearly so. 



Leaves (needles} at most about 50 60 mm. 

 long. 



7 Apophysis grey-brown, with blackish ring 

 round the umbo ; cones 2 3 (rarely 4) 

 in sub-sessile cluster, blunt-ovoid, 20 50 

 mm. long, yellowish or greyish to dark 

 brown, shining, violet when young ; 

 cone yellow, 10 15 mm. Leaves average 

 35 50 (20 60) mm., mucronate, twisted, 

 dull green; bushy or prostrate, bark 

 brown. 



