PREFACE. Vll 



There remains the pleasant duty of thanking many friends 

 who assisted in the preparation of this book. Acknowledg- 

 ments are due the President and Trustees of the Bernice Pauahi 

 Bishop Museum, who aided the author's work in the Islands by 

 a generous grant. The Director and scientific staff of the 

 Museum furthered the investigation at every point. 



Messrs. Irwin Spalding of Honolulu and D. Thaanum of 

 Hilo, Hawaii, placed their knowledge of Hawaiian shells and 

 their splendid collections at the disposal of the author with such 

 generosity as one meets but rarely in a lifetime. 



To Professor Wm. Alanson Bryan, Messrs. R. A. Cooke, J. S. 

 Emerson, Hon. L. A. Thurston, Mr. W. D. Wilder and others 

 mentioned in the text, the author is deeply indebted for speci- 

 mens used in this work, and for other favors which aided inves- 

 tigations. 



The open-hearted hospitality of Hon. George C. Cooke of the 

 Molokai Ranch enabled us to see far more of the Molokai fauna 

 in a limited time than would have been possible under less 

 ideal conditions. 



Mr. E. A. Smith assisted with various notes on types in the 

 British Museum, many of them figured for the MANUAL, under 

 his critical eye. 



Mr. H. W. Henshaw prepared an account of his observations 

 on Hawaiian Partulinas (pp. 91-105) containing much impor- 

 tant material. 



Mr. C. W. Johnson lent a series of Gulick's type-specimens 

 from the Boston Society of Natural History. Like favors were 

 granted by Mr. Samuel Henshaw of the Museum of Compara- 

 tive Zoology, where Pease's types are preserved, and by Pro- 

 fessor G. D. Harris of Cornell University, custodian of the 

 Newcomb collection. 



Finally it should be said that the production of this work 

 would not have been possible without the encouragement and 

 support of the President of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 

 Dr. Samuel G. Dixon, and of the Publication Committee, with 

 Mr. S. Raymond Roberts, having the work in charge. 



My warmest thanks to all of these friends and colleagues. 



H. A. P. 



PHILADELPHIA, April, 1914. 



