96 PARTULINA, SECTION BALDWINIA. 



" This species has been far more successful in extending 

 its range than the previous one, and is found in three small 

 and isolated colonies far beyond the confines of Hamakua, 

 which probably was its starting point on the island. The 

 Partulina physa errans from Olaa, Kaiwiki and Puna, from 

 forty to sixty miles distant and separated by innumerable 

 gulches and water-courses, is a derivative of this species if 

 indeed, as the author believes, the variation is not entirely 

 compatible with specific identity. 



" The author has learned of a tree shell which many years 

 ago lived abundantly on the ohias in South Kona, above and 

 not far from Kealakekua Bay, and which now appears to be 

 extinct there. If, as is probable from its description, this 

 shell was physa (haivaiiensis) , the species has nearly encircled 

 the island of Hawaii, affording a marked contrast to the re- 

 stricted range enjoyed by most of the species of this family, 

 especially upon Oahu. 



" It is to be remarked that this species, like the preceding, 

 'occurs chiefly in sparsely wooded districts and upon isolated 

 trees. It is difficult to understand the wide dispersal of this 

 particular species and especially its speedy appearance in 

 clearings after the cutting of the forests, unless individuals 

 exist here and there in the deep and virgin forest, where, how- 

 ever, the shell has never been found. Deep forest tracts ap- 

 pear to be inimical to the welfare, not only of the Achati- 

 nellas proper, but to almost all other Hawaiian land shells. 



Partulina confusa Sykes (physa of authors). 



This species probably was formerly much more wide- 

 spread in the districts of Kohala and Hamakua than it is 

 to-day, owing to the present restriction of the forested area. 

 It occurs at a higher altitude than the two preceding shells 

 and extends at least as high as the upper edge of the Waimea 

 Plains (3,500 feet) over most of which area it formerly oc- 

 curred, although, like the preceding species, it is doubtful if 

 it ever lived in the deep forest except casually. 



' ' During the spring of 1903 the author had the opportunity 

 of examining an isolated colony of this species on the Waimea 



