HYATT: GENEALOGY OF ACHATINELLHXE. 383 



of an acute, elongated spire differing from all the others ex- 

 cept in so far as a few species were concerned. Subsequently, 

 upon looking into the literature, I found that Hartman had 

 referred these to Laminella and not to Amastra ; while Gulick 

 and others, including myself, had not been able to separate 

 them from Amastra. Still later and upon consultation with 

 J. T. Gulick, Dr. C. M. Cooke, Jr., and other collectors, I 

 found that these same species were collected upon low bushes, 

 trees and ferns, and might be properly termed semi-arboreal. 

 They are as follows: Amastra turritella Fer., nigrolabris 

 Smith, rudis Pfr., spirizona Fer., grossa Pfr., intermedia 

 Newc., variegata Pfr., and frosti Ancey. Smith reports in 

 his original description of Am. nigrolabris, that this species 

 is procured both on the ground and in trees. 



There is also another group of Amastras that evolve into 

 highly turritelloidal shells, but some of these are found solely 

 as stated by Cooke upon the ground such as Amastra tristis, a 

 shell with peculiarly blunt apex and Am. seminigra Hyatt; 

 Am. rubens Gould; and Am. corneiformis Hyatt, the last 

 of these being quite as elongated and acute as Am. grossa 

 and others in the Am. turritella series 



This series though Amastra rubens and cylindrica are ap- 

 parently the ancestors of a group having quite distinct and 

 more highly turritelloidal spires, and living on low bushes, 

 trees and ferns, according to Gulick and Cooke; and are 

 classified by Gulick, Hartman and 'Others with the genus 

 Laminella. This series contains Am. gravida Fer., sanguinea 

 Newc., tetrao Newc., picta Migh., bulbosa Gul., straminea 

 Rve., venusta Migh., depicta Bald., helvina Bald., citrina 

 Migh., remyi Newc., concinna Newc., and alexandri Newc. 



The five first named have the peculiar periostracum of 

 Amastra, more or less covering the shell. Am. sanguinea is 

 blood red in color, and Am. depicta is sometimes highly 

 colored. 



All of these Amastras have the dark, horn-colored, smooth 

 young shells that occur in the primitive forms of Achati- 

 nellida on Kauai, and in nearly all of the Amastras on the 

 island of Oahu, and while none of them exhibit a double 



