SUPPLEMENT 63 



ing intra-molecular respiration. Hence, we may conclude that intra-molecular 

 respiration at least delayed death, although it was insufficient to support the 

 majority of the vital functions. According to many more recent statements, 

 death does not at once take place after the stoppage of intra-molecular respira- 

 tion. Seedlings remain alive without oxygen for 3-5 days, and seeds for as 

 many as 15 days. In the next lecture we will become acquainted with plants 

 which are better adapted to exist without oxygen altogether. The heat of 

 combustion of the primary respiratory materials gives us a more accurate 

 estimate of the amount of energy released in respiration ; if the material be 

 oxidized to its end-products, CO 2 and H 2 O, we reach bodies which have no 

 heat of combustion at all, and the whole of the energy it contains has been 

 used up in respiration ; if, however, organic acids or even alcohol are developed 

 it is only the difference between the heat of combustion of the primary material 

 and sum total of those of the end-products that is available for carrying on 

 the work of the plant. 



I. 46, after Although read INGENHOUSZ (WIESNER, 1905), and to an even 

 greater extent 



II. 55-6, for many unending read an endless number of 



207, Lecture XVII is XVI of the 2nd German Edition. 



I. 20, for after read on 



II. 23-48, for As an example . . . ' alcoholic fermentation ' read In succulent 

 plants also we may speak of acid fermentation. At present we will consider, 

 in contrast to the oxidizing fermentative processes, as a type of splitting 

 fermentations, alcoholic fermentation, which we are not entirely ignorant of. 

 The term ' alcoholic fermentation ' 



208, 1. 2, after organism read But there is no good reason for separating 

 yeast fermentation from the alcoholic fermentation taking place in intra- 

 molecular respiration, since GODLEWSKI (1901) has shown that alcohol and 

 carbon-dioxide appear in the latter process in the same proportions as they 

 do in the former, and that these bodies may also be formed in phanerogamic 

 seedlings when supplied artificially with sugar. 



11. 21-3, for Fermentable carbohydrates . . . nonoses read Fermentable 

 carbohydrates are characterized by possessing three or a multiple of three 

 carbon atoms ; thus trioses, hexoses, and nonoses are directly fermentable, 



1. 28 P. 209, 1. 36, for These asymmetric carbon atoms . . . ferment at 

 all read The structure of the aldohexoses is represented by the following 

 formulae : 



COH COH COH COH COH 



i I i i i 



H C OH HO C H HO C H H C OH HO C H 



HO C H H C OH HO C H HO C H HO C H 



III I 



H C OH HO C H H C OH HO C H HO C H 



II I ! 



H C OH HO C H H C OH H C OH H C OH 



i 



CH 2 OH CH 2 OH CH 2 OH CH 2 OH 



d-glucose /-glucose d-mannose d-galactose d-talose 



The four central C-atoms, printed in heavy type, are the asymmetric 

 ones ; the H and OH groups united to them may be arranged in 16 different 

 ways, so that 16 stereoisomerous hexoses are possible, of which 12 are known. 

 Of these 8 are perfect mirror-images of the other 8, as may be seen by com- 

 paring the formulae of d- and /-glucose. If a C-atom of the compound be 



