CONSTITUENTS AND HABITS I5 



or may be variously enlarged. Spores and conidia are produced 

 singly in rare cases, more commonly in masses, sometimes in pro- 

 digious quantities. 



The reproductive bodies (spores or conidia) are of various forms. 

 The simplest are one celled and in form may be spherical, 

 (PL /,/. /), oval (PL i,f. 2,3, 4}, elongate, allantoid (PL i,f. 6], 

 rod-like, worm-like or thread-like (PL i,f. 14}. Others by a cross- 

 partition become twin or 2-celled (didymoid) (PL i, f. 7, 8, 9} ; 

 others by further parallel cross-partitions become a row of cells 

 (phragmoid) (PL /, /. 10-13} ; others still by a division of cells 

 in more than one plane become many-celled (dictyoid, muriform) 

 (PL T,f. 75). Some spores are hyaline or colorless, others are 

 variously colored, usually some shade of yellow or brown.* The 

 spores of agarics range from white, through pink or salmon-col- 

 ored to rusty yellowish-brown, and on to dark brown and black. 

 Lepiota A f organ i is an anomalous species with green spores. 



Certain spore forms readily characterize special groups of fungi 

 and make their recognition an easy matter ; such are the spores of 

 the ordinary grain rust (PL 6, f. 3) ; many spore forms have no 

 special distinctive character. In aquatic forms the spores are fre- 

 quently provided with cilia or other means of locomotion, and this 

 feature is also present in certain stages of the development of cer- 

 tain parasites of land plants. 



CHEMISTRY OF FUNGI. Besides the cellulose that forms the cell 

 walls, the protoplasm of various fungi develops a great variety 



certain groups of fungi, Saccarclo, loc. cif., has made use of arti- 

 ficial group-names based on spore characters which should be familiar to 

 any one attempting to use his work : 



ALLANTOSPORAE : Spores simple, cylindric, curved. 



PHAEOSPORAE : Spores simple, ovoid, brown. 



HYALOSPORAE : Spores simple, ovoid, or oblong, hyaline. 



HYALODIDYMAE : Spores I -septate, hyaline. 



PHAEODIDYMAE : Spores I -septate, brownish. 



PHAEOPHRAGMIAE : Spores 2-manv-septate, brownish. 



HYALOPHRAGMIAE : Spores 2-many-septate, hyaline. 



DICTYOSPORAE : Spores transversely and longitudinally septate. 



SCOLECOSPORAE : Spores rod-like or filiform. 



STAUROSPORAE (ASTEROSPORAE) : Spores angular, forked or stellate. 



AMEROSPORAE : Spores globose to cylindric, hyaline or colored. 



