ASPERGILLALES 39 



Sadebeck. Die parasitischen Exoasceen. Jahrb. wiss. Anstalten 

 Hamb. 10 : i-no. PI. 1-3. 1893. 



Schroeter. Die natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, i* : 156-161. 



Robinson. Notes on the genus Taphrina. Ann. Bot. i: 163- 

 176. 1887. 



Atkinson. Notes on some Exoasceae of the United States. 

 Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 21 : 372-379. 1894. 



Leaf curl and Plum pockets. Bull. Cornell Univ. 



Agric. Exp. Sta. 73 : 319-355. PI. 1-20. 1894. 



Patterson. A study of North American parasitic Exoasceae. 

 Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Iowa State Univ. 3 : 89-135. PI. 1-4. 1895. 



Order 4. ASPERGILLALES. 



The fungi associated in this order are plants of very diverse 

 habits. One group is made up of subterranean fungi which re- 

 semble the truffles. Among the commonest of these are species 

 of Elaphomyces about the size of hickory nuts which grow two or 

 three inches below the surface of the soil ; these are often para- 

 sitized by a species of Cordyceps which projects above the ground 

 and reveals the presence of the Elaphomyces which otherwise 

 makes no visible sign. 



The second group contains the common green mould (Penicil- 

 lium crustaceuiii) which grows on decaying or preserved fruit, 

 cheese or other forms of organic matter. The green, dusty portion 

 represents the conidial stage (PL 4. /. 2] while the ascosporic 

 stage is found in small ascocarps which develop as the probable 

 result of sexual reproduction (P/. 4. /. 3)* With this family 

 Mcliola is included, a genus largely represented in the South and 

 in tropical regions generally, which has an external mycelium simi- 

 lar to the Erysibaceae but black, often forming large areas on 

 leaves. The relations of Meliohi and some other allied genera is, 

 however, doubtful. The order is known as the Plectascineae of 

 the Engler-Prantl revision. We have six families as follows : 



I. Peridium made up of loose floccose hyphae. Gymnoascaceae. 



Peridium compact, closed. 2. 



* Similar to this is the common herbarium mould (Aspergillus her- 

 bariorzim} which frequently develops on plants under pressure for the her- 

 barium when the driers are not frequently changed. 



