82 VISIT TO SPITZBERGEN 



of ice. 2.40 a.m., stood out ; fresh breeze and tumbling 

 sea. 5 a.m., hove-to ; thick with snow, very cold. 

 4 a.m., air 33, water 31 ! 10.30 a.m. spoke the Lisa 

 of Hammerfest who reported Ice Sound clear and gave 

 us a shoulder of venison. Afternoon, sighted land. 

 4 p.m., S. point of Ice Sound bearing E.S.E. ; fresh 

 breeze. 7 p.m., sighted entrance to Ice Sound, two or 

 three belts of drift ice right across. 8.30, passed through 

 1st (or 1st and 2nd) belt ; Captain and pilot steering 

 the ship from the rigging. 10 p.m., passed through 2nd 

 belt (or 3rd), which was not so thick, but heavier. Birds 

 innumerable begin to show themselves ; mostly Brun- 

 nich's Guillemot, Northern Puffin, and Little Auk, a herd 

 of White Whales, their ivory whiteness contrasting 

 prettily with the colours of the ice, which was dazzling 

 white and all shades of green and blue. 11.30 p.m., lost 

 the breeze, lowered both boats to tow the ship. Occasional 

 floes of ice, covered with Glaucous Gull, Kittiwake, and 

 Fulmar, passing quite close to the shore on N. side of 

 Sound. Under the Alkenhorn saw flocks of Geese, 

 Brent, and a larger species ; lots of Eider Ducks. Ropes 

 slightly frozen although the sun was shining brightly 

 not exactly on us. 



July 9, 2.20 a.m. Came to anchor in Safe Haven, 

 found schooner from Tromso with Swedish Expedition 

 on board. Lorange and I went to call and knocked up 

 Duner, the astronomer. His colleagues Nordenskjold and 

 Malmgren had been absent 12 days up the Sound in a 

 boat ; he supposed they were beset, but was not uneasy 

 about them. 10 a.m., Birkbeck and Manners Sutton in 

 cutter with pilot and two hands to Coal Bay, which they 

 found full of ice. (They returned next morning with 3 

 Deer and a Red-necked Phalarope.) Before they started 

 I saw the first Ivory Gull, which got a piece of meat from 

 the Swede and came and ate it on a block of ice close by. 

 M. Sutton shot it with my gun. The Doctor, Lorange, 

 and I with Ludwig to land under Alkenhorn. I shot 

 some Fulmars, Glaucous Gull, N. Puffin, etc. I made 

 Ludwig walk along near the shore, in hopes of getting 



