92 PAL^EARCTIC SUB-REGIONS. [CH. II 



and the Lion point to the same transitional character. 

 Among birds two warblers, Lusciniola and Pyrophthalma, 

 iire peculiar. 



III. The Siberian sub-region includes the whole of 

 Northern Asia. Of Mammals the yak and two antelopes, 

 Procapra and Pantlialops, are confined to it ; the mole 

 Nectogale is another peculiar form and completes the list 

 of genera that are found here and in none of the other 

 sub-regions. The musk deer however, Moschus, is nearly 

 confined to the sub-region, while many Arctic animals, such 

 as the sable, the glutton, and the reindeer are highly 

 characteristic of it; the two latter as already mentioned 

 also extending their range into the Nearctic region. 

 Among birds there are few peculiar forms. The only 

 genus that is " most decidedly " confined to the region is a 

 genus of Starlings Podoces. 



IV. The Mantchurian sub-region, bordering as it does 

 upon the tropics, is rich when compared with other parts 

 of the Palsearctic region. It includes all Japan besides 

 Corea and other parts of China. Some of the peculiar 

 deer, discovered by Pere David and his associates, are 

 peculiar to this sub-region. Such are Hydropotes and 

 Elaphodm. The curious Nyctereutes and the carnivore 

 jEluropus are also peculiar forms or nearly so. The 

 former is often called the "raccoon-like dog"; the latter 

 genus is allied to the Panda, ^Elurus. Both of these 

 occur also in the Oriental region. A genus of Otters, 

 Lutronectes, is also peculiar, and there are a few other 

 genera which are found in this sub-region and not in the 

 other sub-regions of the Palaearctic region. The birds are 



