414 



DIPTEEA. 



leap the larva brings the under side of the abdomen towards 

 the head, while laying on its side, and reaching forward with 

 its head, and at the same time extending its month- 

 hooks, grapples by means of them with the hinder edge 

 of the trnncature and pulling hard, suddenly with- 

 draws them, jerking itself to a distance of four or 

 live inches. The AVine-fly (Fig. 330, pupariuin) also 

 belongs to the same genus, and with its pupariuin 

 IIKIV be found floating in old wine and cider. 



Several species of the genus Ephydm have been 

 Fig. 336. found living in salt water. Mr. E. T. Cox has sent 

 us specimens of Ephydm halopliila Pack. (Fig. 337 ; a, wing ; 

 6, pupariuin), which in the pupa state lives in great numbers 

 in the h'rst graduation house of tlic Equality Salt Works of 

 (iallatin Count}', Illinois. The larva itself we have not seen, 

 but the pupariuin is cj'lindrical, half an inch long, the body 

 ending in a long respiratory tube forked at the end. The fly 



" itself is coppery green, 



with pale honey yellow 

 legs, and is .15 of an inch 



in length. Another spe- 

 cies has been found by 

 Professor B. Silliman liv- 

 ing in great abundance in 

 Mono Lake, Cal., and in 

 the Museum of the Pea- 

 body Academy are pu- 

 paria of this genus from 

 Labrador, and from under 

 sea-weed on Narragansett 

 Bay, and a pool of brack- 

 ish water at Marblehead ; 

 Fig. :r. they are noticed by the 



author in the "Proceedings of the Essex Institute," vol. vi. 



The Apple Ely, or Drosophila, has habits like the apple 

 midge. Mr. W. C. Fish has described in the "American 

 Naturalist," the habits of an unknown species (Fig. 338 ; , 

 larva), which he writes me has been very common this year in 

 Barnstable County, Mass. He says that "it attacks mostly 



