TORTKICID^E. 337 



over the edge of a leaf to form a rude cocoon for the chrysalis. 

 Mr. Read suggests destroying the leaves thus affected before 

 they fall in autumn, as the larvae do not descend to the earth 

 to undergo their transformations. 



Halonota differs from Tortrix in having the apex of the fore 

 wings rather obtuse, and there is a pale blotch usually present 

 on the middle of the inner margin. H. simulana Clemens is 

 brownish ochreous, with dull ochreous palpi, reddish at the 

 tip ; the fore wings are brown, with a slight brassy hue, and 

 with an ochreous dorsal blotch ; the costa is streaked with 

 ochreous, and there are two violet streaks, one running be- 

 neath the tip and the other to a faint eye-like patch, behind 

 which, on the hinder margin, are three black spots. 



The genus Grapholitha is characterized by Stainton as hav- 

 ing the palpi longer than the head, with the fore wings more 

 than twice as long as wide, the costa being 

 slightly arched, and the apex rather pointed, 

 while the outer edge is a little hollowed out 

 below the apex, and rounded at the inner an- 

 gle. The larviie live in the folded leaves of 

 shrubs, or in the tops of herbaceous plants, 

 or in their roots. Mr. Robinson refers the 

 Steganoptycha? oclireana of Clemens, to Gra- 

 pholitha (Fig. 259 ; a, head ; 6, fore wing ; c, 

 hind wing.*) The fore wings are pale yel- 

 lowish, and the outer half of the costa is 

 streaked with ochreous brown, and there is an eye-like patch 

 which is white, and contains two ochreous brown streaks and 

 two black dots. It was discovered in Virginia. Robinson also 

 refers Clemens' Euryptychia saligneana (Fig. 256 ; 8 ) to this 

 genus. It was bred by Mr. B. D. AValsh, in Illinois, from a 

 willow gall. The fore wings are white, tinted with yellowish, 

 with a dark brown basal patch, the wing bevond being nearly 

 white varied with lead colored speckles, and striped over the 

 venules with dull, leaden gray, transverse stripes, two of which 

 near the anal angle, form a white eye-like patch. (Clemens.) 



Under the name of Callimosema scintillana, (Fig. 256; 9 a), 



* The artist has represented the last branch of the median vein forked at the 

 tip. It should have been the middle branch. (Clemens.) 



22 



