CESTOUA. 



The proglottides have a marginal sexual opening. The vagina is usually long, 

 separated from the uterus, and enlarged at the end to form a receptaculum 

 si-minis (fig. 2(i."> ). The young stages are Cysticerci or Cysticercoids, rarely quite 

 without caudal vesicle ; parasitic in warm and cold-blooded animals. 



Tainiii L. (Cyxtutd'nia R. Lkt). Development takes place with large vesicles. 

 The heads arise from the embryonic vesicle itself. 



T. suit it in. L. 2 3 metres long. The double circle of hooks is composed of 26 

 hooks. The ripe proglottides are 8 10 mm. long and 6 7 mm. broad : the 

 uterus has 7 10 dendritic branches. It lives in the human intestine. The 

 Bladder-worms belonging to it (Ci/stirm-int <-<>11i/lo*fr) live principally in the 

 dermal cellular tissue and in the muscles of pigs, but also in the human body 

 (muscles, eyes, brain), in which self-infection with them is possible if a 

 Tfenia is present in the digestive canal ; more rarely in the muscles of the 

 Roe-deer, the Dog. and the Cat. In the human brain the Cyxtirrrcux acquires 

 an elongated form, and sometimes does not produce a head. 



T. suginatti Goez&=mediocanellata Kiiohenm.. in the intestine of Man. distin- 

 guished by the older helminthologists as a variety of 

 T. soli inn. Head without circle of hooks or rostellura. 

 but with four more powerful suckers. The Tape- 

 worm reaches a length of four metres, and becomes 

 much stronger and thicker. The mature proglottides 

 are about 18 mm. long and 7 1) mm. broad. The 

 uterus forms 20 35 dichotomous side branches. 

 The Cyxticn-ciix lives in the muscles of the ox (fig. 

 273). It appears to be principally distributed in 

 the warmer parts of the Old World, but is often 

 found in great numbers in many places in the north. 



T. sen-tit a Goeze. in the intestinal canal of the d< >g. 

 The Cysticercus is known as Oi/sticercvs pisciformis 

 in the liver of the Hare and Rabbit. T. rw.v.v/V///.v 

 Rud. in the Cat. with Oi/sticercws fasewla/ris of the 

 common mouse. T. inari/iituta Batsch. of the Dog 



(butcher's dog) and Wolf with Oust icerr.it a tenii-icol- FlG - 273. Cy*/jre of 



,. ,. . j T>- i 11 mediocanellata. magnified 



hs from Ruminants and Pigs, and occasionally in about eight til ' nes . Th ehead 



Man (Cyst, vigceralis). T, crassiceps Rud. in the is protruded. 

 Fox with Cystirt't-cHx lont/icoHix from the thoracic 



cavity of the Fieldmouse. T. ccenurus v. Sieb. in the intestine of the sheep-dog, 

 with CCCHIII-KX rereln-tills in the brain of one year old sheep. The presence of 

 Cocnvrux in other places has been stated, as for instance in the body cavity of 

 the Rabbit. T. tenuicollix Rud. in the intestine of the Weasel and the Pole-cat, 

 with a f'l/xtlt-rrcnx which, according to Kiichenmeister, lives in the hepatic 

 duets of the Field-mouse. 



Echinococcifer Weinl. The heads bud on special brood-capsules, in such a 

 way that their iiivagination is turned towards the lumen of the vesicle (fig. 

 2fi ( .t). T. ecliinofocciix v. Sieb. (fig. 270) in the intestine of the dog. 34 mm. 

 long, forming but few proglottides. The hooks on the head are numerous but 

 small. Its Bladder-worm is distinguished by the great thickness of the stratified 

 cuticula. It lives as Efltinucoecus principally in the liver and the lungs of Man 

 (. liominix) and of domestic animals (-E. rettrinoniin). The first form is also 

 distinguished as E. altru-lparivna on account of the frequent production of 

 primary and secondary vesicles ; it usually reaches a very considerable size and 



