352 



NEMATHELMINTHES. 



Fam. Strongylidae. The male genital opening is placed at the hinder end of 

 the body, at the bottom of an umbrella- or bell-shaped bursa. the margin of 

 which is furnished with a varying number of papillae. 



Eustrongylus Dies. With six projecting oral papillae, and a row of papillae 

 on either lateral line. The bursa is bell-shaped and completely closed, with 

 regular muscular walls and numerous marginal papillae. There is only one 

 spiculum. The female genital opening is far forward. The larvae live encysted 

 in fishes. (Filaria cystica from Symbra/nchus). E. gigax Rud., the body of 

 the female is three feet in length, and only twelve mm. thick. It lives singly 

 in the pelvis of the kidney of the Seal and Otter, and very rarely in Man. 

 Strongylus Rud. With six oral papillae and small mouth. Two conical 



cervical papillae upon the lateral lines. The pos- 

 terior end of the male has an umbrella-like incom- 

 pletely closed bursa. Two equal spicula, usually 

 with unpaired supporting organ. The female sexual 

 opening is sometimes approached to the posterior 

 end of the body. They live for the most part in the 

 lungs and bronchial tubes. St. longevaginatus Dies. 

 Body 26 mm. long, 5 to 7 mm. thick. The female 

 sexual opening lies directly in front of the anus, 

 and leads into a simple ovarian tube. Only once 

 found in the lung of a six-year old boy, in Klausen- 

 burg. St. parado-ms Mehlis, in the bronchial tubes 

 of the pig. St.Jilarifi Rud., in the bronchial tubes 

 of the sheep. St. fonnnutntus Dies., in the trachea 

 and bronchial tubes of the hare and rabbit. Xt. 

 aiiricidarix Rud., in the small intestine of BatracJiia. 

 Dtichmius Duj. With wide mouth and horny oral 

 capsule, the edge of which is strongly toothed. Two 

 ventrally placed teeth project at the bottom of the 

 oral capsule, while on the dorsal wall a conical spine 

 projects obliquely forwards. D. duoclcnalix Dub. 

 (Ancylostomuit duodenale Dub.), 10 to 18 mm. long, 

 in the small intestine of Man, discovered in Italy ; 

 very widely distributed in the countries of the Nile 

 (Bilharz and Griesiuger). By aid of its strongly 

 armed mouth it wounds the intestinal mucous mem- 

 brane, and sucks the blood from the vessels. The 

 frequent haemorrhages occasioned by these Dochmia 

 are the cause of the illness known by the name of 

 Egyptian chlorosis (fig. 284). It has lately been 

 established that this worm occurs in Brazil, and 

 that, like D. trigonoceplialus, it develops in puddles 

 of water (Wucherer). D. trujonocephaliis Rud.. in the Dog. Selerostom/um Rud. 

 With characters of Dochmius, but with a different oral capsule, into which two 

 long glanular sacs open. ,S'c. eqitinvni. Duj. = a-nmttum Dies. In the intestine and 

 the mesenteric arteries of the horse. Bellinger* has shown that the phenomena 

 of colic in the horse may be referred to embolic processes proceeding from 

 aneurism of the intestinal artery. Each aneurism contains about nine worms. 



* Bellinger. " Die Kolik der Pferde und das Wurmaneurysrua der Einge- 

 weidearterien," Miinchen, 1870. 



FIG. 28-1. Douchmius dodenulis 

 (after R. Leuckart). a, male; 

 O, mouth ; B, bursa. b, 

 Female ; 0, mouth; A, anus; 

 T', vulna. 



