C1IILOPODA. 



519 



eyes. There are always two pairs of jaws (fig. 425) ; the mandibles 

 (Md) and one pair of maxillae (Mx 1 ), the latter bearing a short palp. 

 In addition, the first pair of (thoracic) legs (Mx'} forms a kind of 

 tmderlip which often, bears two long palps. The next pair of legs 

 always approaches the head 

 as a kind of maxilliped, and 

 forms by the growing together 

 of its basal parts a consider- 

 able median plate, on the 

 right and left of which great, 

 four-jointed poison claws (Mf} 

 project. The remaining ap- 

 pendages arise from the sides 

 of the body segments, the last 

 pair being frequently elon- 

 gated so as to project back- 

 wards far behind the last seg- 

 ment. 



The generative organs open 

 by a single aperture at the 

 hind end of the body. There is 

 no male copulatory apparatus. 

 The young, when hatched, 

 have seven pairs (Lithobius) 

 or the entire number of appen- 

 dages (Scolopendra}. The 

 Chilopoda feed entirely on 

 animals, which they bite with 

 the poison claws and kill by the secretion of the poison gland 

 which flows into the wound. Certain tropical species of large size 

 are able to inflict wounds which are dangerous even to man. 



Fam. Scolopendridae. Autennaa long 

 and thin with a, relatively small number 

 of joints, only a few ocelli. The seg- 

 ments of the body are sometimes equal, 

 sometimes unequal. Scolopendra (with 

 nine pairs of stigmata) iji/jnntcn L., 

 found in the East Indies. Si: /<:</- 

 hint, from South Europe. Grojrti ilvs 

 subterraneiis, eli'i-triai* L. 



Fain. Lithobiidae. With long, many- 

 jointed antennas and numerous ocelli. 

 Some of the tcrga are greatly developed, and partially over-lap those of 



FIG. 425. Oral apparatus of Scolo/H'i>ili-<i niutica 

 (after Stein). Ob, Upper- lip ; Md, mandibles ; 

 Hx', maxilla ; MX', first pair of legs or second 

 maxilla?; Mf, poison claws (maxilliped); 

 Ta, pulp. 



Fir,. 426. Mouth parts of 



(Carus, Iconex) . A", Maxilla? ; Mf, 

 maxilliped. 



