554 



INSECTA. 



forms of the insects. The head bears tolerably long setiform an- 

 tennse, and, as a rule, aggregated ocelli, in place of the facetted 

 eyes. The mouth-parts consist of mandibles and maxilla?, which 

 can be retracted into a sort of atrium. In this case an apparatus 

 for attachment with gland is often present on the ventral side 

 of the first abdominal segment. Trachea? are completely absent 

 in many Collembola (Podura), while in Gampodea they present 

 very simple relations. There are only three pairs of stigmata, 

 and the trunks which spring from them 'do not anastomose. On 



the penultimate abdominal segment there 

 are often setiform filaments, which when 

 forcibly bent ventralwards serve as a 

 springing apparatus (springing fork fig. 

 460, a). 



Fam. Campodidse (fi.tr. 45'.)). The body is 

 elongated, and the abdomen has ten segments 

 and ends with two filaments. Japi/.r f/igas Br., 

 Cyprus. ./. xolifiigux Hal., Cumpodca sta-phylimis 

 Westw. 



Fam. Poduridae, spring-tails (fig. 4(iO, a). The 

 body is stout, globular, or elongated. The ab- 

 domen is usually reduced to a few segments, 

 and has a ventral organ for attachment, and 

 ends with a long, ventrally-bent fork, used in 

 springing. Smyntltunts sl-giui-tiis Latr., Podura 

 titjitatica Deg. 



Fam. : Lepismidae (fig. 4(50, Z). Body arched, 

 elongated, and thickly covered with metallic 

 shining scales. The abdomen has ten segments, 

 and terminates with a long median seta and two 

 weaker lateral setea;. Lephma xnccharlna L., 

 Mac Jt Ills polijpoda L. 



Order '2. ORTHOPTERA.* 



ft 



FIG. 460. a, Podura. cillosa. 

 b, Lepiainn saccharinn (regne 

 animal). 



Insects with an incomplete metamorphosis, 

 with two usually unequal pairs of ^o^nys. 

 Jaws adapted for bitiny. 



The name of this order, which was borrowed from the wings, is 

 by no means suitable for all the forms included, and a very great 

 variety prevails, both in the external appearance and in the internal 



* A. Serville, " Histoire naturelle des Insectes Orthopteres." Paris, 1839. 

 T. De Charpentier, " Orthoptera descripta et depicta. " Leipzig, 1841. 

 L. H. Fischer, "Orthoptera Europjea." Leipzig, 1853. 



