564 INSECTA. 



Fain. Hemerobidae (Florfliegen). Head vertical ; antenna filiform. The 

 two pairs of wings are transparent like glass and are nearly equal in size. The 

 larvse suck insects and spiders. Mantlspapagana Fabr. Anterior legs predatory ; 

 prothorax much elongated (fig. 467, a, I, r). The larvse, after eight months' 

 fasting, bore their way by means of their sucking forceps into the ovisacs of 

 spiders, and suck out the eggs and the young. After the first moult, the legs 

 are reduced to short stumps, and the body becomes like a Hyrneuopteran 

 maggot. When about to enter the pupal stage, they spin a cocoon in the 

 ovisac, and strip off the larval skin in the middle of June. The pupa breaks 

 through the cocoon and moves freely about till it casts its skin and is trans- 

 formed into the winged insect. CJiri/supa perla L. The eggs have long stalks. 

 The larvae have sickle-shaped suctorial forceps, feed on Aphides and spin 

 globular cocoons. Hemerobius lutesci-ns Fabr. The larva;' feed on Aphides. 

 Osmylux wacvlatii* Fabr., Nemoptera (Xcmatoptera Burm.) coa L.. Asia Minor 

 and Turkey. 



Fam. Myrmeleontidae (Ant-lions). With large vertically- placed head: 

 antenna; knobbed at the ends ; prothorax short and narrow ; mesothorax 

 very large. Wings of equal size. The larvse with toothed sucking pincers 

 composed of mandibles and maxilhe, and short broad abdomen, live in light 



a 



FIG. 468. a, Myrmelfon formicariut (regne animal). I, Its larva. 



sandy soil, in which they hollow out funnels. Before entering the pupal stage 

 they spin a globular envelope for themselves (fig. 468). Myrmeleon formicarim 

 L., 31. forinicalyn.1- Fabr., Ptilpan-s Ubcllnloides L., South Europe. Axralaplnig 

 italicHS Fabr. 



Sub-order 2. Trichoptera.* Wings covered with hairs or scales ; 

 the hind wings can as a rule be folded. The mouth parts with 

 aborted mandibles ; the maxilhe and the labium fuse to form a kind 

 of suctorial proboscis. In many cases (Oestropsidce Brauer) the 

 maxillte and labium as well as the mandibles become aborted during 

 the pupal stage. 



Fam. Phryganidae (spring-flies). The small vertically-placed head with 

 long setiform antennae and hemispherical projecting eyes. The wings are 

 covered with scales, and have but few transverse veins. They lie on the back 

 in a tectiform manner. The larva? live in water in tubular cases, which, in 



* J. Pictet, " Recherches pour servir a 1'histoire et 1'anatomie des Phryga- 

 nides," Geneve, 1834. 



H. Hagen, "Synopsis of the British Phryganidse," Entomol. Animal for 

 1859, I860, 1861. 



