RHYNCHOTA. 



571 



Fam. Cicadellidae (Kleinzirpen). Juxmix liijuttutiix Fabr., Li-dra aiirita 

 L.. Ti'tt/i/o/iiti rifttita L. Aphrophora. The pruthorax is trapezoidal (seven- 

 coruered). The larvre eject a bubbly foam out of the anus (cuckoo-spittle). 

 and envelop themselves in it. The wing covers are coriaceous. Posterior 

 tibia> have three strong spine?. A. xpitimiriti L. 



Fam. Membracidae (Buckelzirpeu). ('niti-ntux conuitiix L., J\Icni1irn<-i.f 

 Jtiti'i'iiTix Fabr. 



Fam. Fulgoridae (Leuchtzirpen). In many species the abdomen is thickly 

 covered with long strings and flakes of wax, which in one species {Fltitii 

 is so richly secreted that it is collected and sold as Chinese wax. 

 a later naria L., the lantern carrier of Surinam, is erroneously said by 

 to emit light from its lantern-shaped frontal process. F. ctin/Ii'Tni-'n/ 

 L., Chinese lantern-carrier. Ly.tti-u lanata L.. and other American species. 

 Flnta Jimbata Fabr.. China. 



Fam. Cicadidae = Stridulantia ( Singcicaden). The thick abdomen of the 

 male is provided with a voice organ, which produces loud, shrill, chirping 

 sounds (rig. i~-i). They are very shy. and remain concealed between leaves in 

 the day time. They 

 feed 011 the juices 

 of young shoots, and 

 their Cincture causes 

 a now of sweet plant 

 juices, which harden 

 and become manna 

 (C/cinla i> ml L.. 

 Sicily). The females 

 have a saw-like ovi- 

 positor placed be- 

 tween two jointed 

 valves. The larvae. 

 when hatched, crawl 

 on the earth, into 

 which they burrow 

 with their shovel-like 

 front legs, and suck 

 the juice of roots. 



FIG. 474. CicinJa orni (after Packard), a, Larva. 

 c, ilale, Ty, Siugiug apparatus. 



b, Pupa . 



orni L., South Europe. C. septemdecim Fabr., Brazil. C. liicematodes L., 

 South Germany. 



Sub-order 4. Hemiptera (Bugs). The wings of the front pair are half 

 horny and half membranous (hemidytra), and lie horizontally on the 

 body. Many species are apterous, as are the females of some species 

 of which the males have wings. The first thoracic segment is large, 

 and freely moveable. The proboscis arises from the frontal region, 

 and when at rest usually lies folded beneath the thorax. Some 

 species of the Re<hwidce produce a shrill sound, as Pirnti's stri'lulu*. 

 by the movement of the neck on the prothorax. 



Tribe 1. Hydrocores Hydrocorisae (Water-bugs). The antennae 

 are shorter than the head, having only three or four joints, and are 



